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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean<br><br>CLKs' awareness and ability to draw on relational affordances and the learner-internal aspects, were crucial. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both mentioned their relationships with their local professors as an important factor in their decision to not criticize the strictness of a professor (see the second example).<br><br>This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on key practical issues, including:<br><br>Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)<br><br>The discourse completion test (DCT) is widely used in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has many advantages but it also has its disadvantages. The DCT is one example. It does not take into account individual and cultural differences. Furthermore, the DCT is prone to bias and may lead to overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before being used for research or evaluation.<br><br>Despite its limitations,  [http://www.jcdqzdh.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=330969 프라그마틱 슈가러쉬] ([https://qooh.me/poundrifle3 relevant web-site]) the DCT can be a useful tool for analyzing the connection between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables relevant to the manner of speaking in two or more steps could be a plus. This feature can be used to study the role of prosody in various cultural contexts.<br><br>In the field of linguistics, the DCT is now one of the most significant tools to analyze learners' behavior in communication. It can be used to study various issues, including politeness, turn-taking, and lexical choices. It can also be used to assess the phonological complexity of the learners their speech.<br><br>Recent research used an DCT as tool to evaluate the skills of refusal among EFL students. Participants were given an array of scenarios and were required to choose a suitable response from the options provided. The authors found that the DCT was more efficient than other methods of refusal such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other methods for collecting data.<br><br>DCTs are often designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, such as content and form. These criterion are intuitive and are based on the assumptions of the test designers. They may not be exact and could be misleading in describing the way ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further research on different methods of assessing refusal ability.<br><br>A recent study examined DCT responses to requests made by students through email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally-indirect requests and utilized more hints than email data.<br><br>Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)<br><br>This study investigated Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used a variety of experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate proficiency who gave responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to think about their evaluations and refusal performances in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs often chose to resist native Korean norms of pragmatism. Their decisions were influenced by four factors: their personalities and multilingual identities, their current lives as well as their relationships. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment.<br><br>The MQ data was first analyzed to determine the participants' practical choices. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were matched with their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine whether they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. Interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing an atypical behavior in certain situations.<br><br>The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and z tests. It was discovered that the CLKs often resorted to phrases like "sorry" and "thank you." This was likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language which led to an insufficient knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and 2 norms or to converge towards L1 norms varied based on the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.<br><br>The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their pragmatic resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days after participants completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two coders who were independent. The code was re-coded repeatedly and involved the coders reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine if they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior.<br><br>Refusal Interviews (RIs)<br><br>A key question of pragmatic research is the reason why learners decide to rescind native-speaker pragmatic norms. A recent study attempted to answer this question using a variety of experimental instruments, including DCTs MQs, DCTs and RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2 levels. Then they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked consider their responses to the DCT situations.<br><br>The results showed that on average, the CLKs resisted the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their answers. They did this even when they could produce patterns that closely resembled native speakers. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal aspects such as their personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing life experiences. They also referred to external factors like relational advantages. For example, they described how their relationships with professors facilitated more relaxed performance with respect to the linguistic and intercultural norms of their university.<br><br>The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures or consequences they could be subject to when their social norms were violated. They were worried that their native friends would think they are "foreigners" and believe that they are incompetent. This worry was similar to the one expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).<br><br>These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it would be prudent for future researchers to reconsider their relevance in specific scenarios and in different cultural contexts. This will help them better understand how different cultural environments may impact the pragmatic behavior of L2 learners in the classroom and beyond. This will also assist educators to develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor for Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.<br><br>Case Studies<br><br>The case study method is a research method that employs deep, participatory investigations to study a specific subject. It is a method that utilizes numerous sources of data to support the findings, including interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This kind of investigation can be used to study complicated or unique issues that are difficult to other methods to measure.<br><br>In a case study the first step is to clearly define both the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help you determine what aspects of the subject must be investigated and which aspects can be left out. It is also beneficial to review the existing literature to gain a general understanding of the subject. It will also help place the case in a larger theoretical context.<br><br>This case study was based on an open source platform such as the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the experiment revealed that L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer options that were literal interpretations of the prompts, which were not based on the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed a strong tendency to add their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, which further hampered the quality of their responses.<br><br>Furthermore, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their third or second year of university, and were aiming to reach level 6 for their next test. They were required to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and comprehension and  [https://www.demilked.com/author/vesseldesert0/ 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] 플레이 [[https://maps.google.cv/url?q=https://padgett-daniel-3.technetbloggers.de/the-ultimate-glossary-on-terms-about-slot maps.google.Cv]] pragmatic awareness.<br><br>Interviewees were presented with two scenarios which involved interactions with their counterparts and asked to select one of the strategies below to employ when making an offer. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. Most of the participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personalities. For instance, TS claimed that she was hard to get close to, and she therefore did not want to inquire about her interactant's well-being with a heavy workload, even though she believed that native Koreans would do this.