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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is a study of the relationship between context and language. It addresses issues such as what do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It differs from idealism, which is the belief that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak find meaning from and each with each other. It is often viewed as a part of a language, [http://www.sky-aluminium.at/?wptouch_switch=desktop&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F 무료슬롯 프라그마틱] 불법 ([https://saratov.academica.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/ mouse click the following internet site]) however it differs from semantics since it concentrates on what the user is trying to convey and not what the meaning is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been growing rapidly over the past few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field but it has also influenced research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology, and anthropology.<br><br>There are many different ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this field. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notions of intention and the interaction with the speaker's knowledge about the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the variety of topics that pragmatics researchers have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has been focused on a variety of subjects such as L2 pragmatic understanding as well as production of requests by EFL learners, and the role of the theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed a variety of methodologies, from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on the database used. The US and UK are two of the top performers in research on pragmatics. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the best pragmatics authors solely by the quantity of their publications. However, it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts such as conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language rather than with truth grammar, reference, or. It examines how a single word can be understood in different ways in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also examines the methods that listeners employ to determine which utterances are intended to be communicated. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely recognized, it's not always clear how they should be drawn. For instance some philosophers have claimed that the concept of sentence's meaning is an aspect of semantics while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be treated as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered a branch of linguistics or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be considered a part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is a part of philosophy since it focuses on the way in which our beliefs about the meaning and use of languages influence our theories on how languages work.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a few key issues that are central to the study of pragmatism. For instance, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not an academic discipline in its own right because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without referring to any facts regarding what is actually being said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this research ought to be considered an independent discipline because it examines the ways that cultural and social factors influence the meaning and use language. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we think about the nature of the utterance interpretation process as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by a speaker in a given sentence. These are issues that are discussed a bit more extensively in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. Both are significant pragmatic processes in that they help to shape the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of a language. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction and the relationship between the speaker and [http://migmidia.com.br/redirect/?url=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 무료슬롯] interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of the speaker. Relevance Theory for instance, focuses on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret utterances. Certain practical approaches have been put with other disciplines, such as cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are different opinions regarding the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different subjects. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they may or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a field that is part of semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, while far-side pragmatics focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They argue that semantics determines certain aspects of the meaning of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same utterance can mean different things in different contexts, based on things such as ambiguity and indexicality. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is acceptable to say in different situations. In certain cultures, it's acceptable to look at each other. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is being done in the field. The main areas of research include computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is communicated through language in context. It evaluates the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs affect the interpretation, with less attention paid to grammatical features of the utterance than on what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics, such as semantics and syntax or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a variety of research that is conducted in these areas, addressing topics such as the significance of lexical elements as well as the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>One of the most important issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to develop an exhaustive, systematic view of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have claimed that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that they're the same thing.<br><br>The debate between these positions is often a tussle and scholars arguing that particular instances are a part of semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars believe that if a statement has a literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others believe that the fact that a statement can be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different approach in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is only one of many ways that the expression can be understood,  [https://hugabub.com/https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지] 무료 슬롯버프 ([http://www.tustex.com/distpub/www/delivery/ck.php?ct=1%26oaparams=2__bannerid=612__zoneid=13__source=_parent__cb=df7f4a295e__oadest=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F/ just click the up coming post]) and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is sometimes called "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer by illustrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that the listeners will entertain a variety of possible exhaustified interpretations of an utterance containing the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when compared to other plausible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism, the belief that you must abide to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study it is comparatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics by their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language usage instead of focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on the ways that an expression can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or  무료 [http://aggy.ru/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 홈페이지] ([https://www.shopping.eu/redirect?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F&ds=32927&subds=websuche.de&pid=131224007&keyword=Konjunkturbelebung&pos=1&q=b14b53113bf5fab08af9edf534fb52ea&t=20230129125146&prnt_ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.websuche.de Shopping.Eu]) ambiguity. It also examines the strategies that listeners employ to determine which utterances are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, while others claim that this type of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories on how languages work.<br><br>There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. Recanati and [https://advancedcommtceh.agilecrm.com/click?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F 프라그마틱 무료스핀] Bach discuss these issues in greater in depth. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines like cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also different views about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of an utterance, while other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. For example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. The main areas of research include formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It examines the way in which the speaker's intentions and 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프 ([https://rzol.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/?goto=https://pragmatickr.com rzol.ru]) beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, like syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in several different directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research, which addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the identical.<br><br>The debate over these positions is often an ongoing debate scholars argue that certain instances fall under the rubric of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for  [http://www.legisaldia.com/redirectorNL.asp?Id_Tarea=_IDTAREA_&Email=%7B%7BEMAIL%7D%7D&Enlace=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법] a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is often described as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 05:13, 6 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy that is focused on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism, the belief that you must abide to your beliefs.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.

As a field of study it is comparatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.

There are a myriad of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.

The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics by their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language usage instead of focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on the ways that an expression can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or 무료 프라그마틱 홈페이지 (Shopping.Eu) ambiguity. It also examines the strategies that listeners employ to determine which utterances are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, while others claim that this type of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.

Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories on how languages work.

There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.

The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. Recanati and 프라그마틱 무료스핀 Bach discuss these issues in greater in depth. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an expression.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.

Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines like cognitive science or philosophy.

There are also different views about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of an utterance, while other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. For example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. The main areas of research include formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It examines the way in which the speaker's intentions and 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프 (rzol.ru) beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, like syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.

In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in several different directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research, which addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.

In the philosophical debate about pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the identical.

The debate over these positions is often an ongoing debate scholars argue that certain instances fall under the rubric of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법 a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is often described as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.