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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on practical and reasonable actions. It's in opposition to idealism, the belief that you should always stick to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that people who speak find meaning from and each with each other. It is often seen as a part or language, but it is different from semantics because pragmatics focuses on what the user is trying to convey and not what the meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study the field of pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It is a linguistics academic field but it has also influenced research in other areas such as psychology, sociolinguistics and anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this field. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which focuses on the notion of intention and how it affects the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. The lexical and concept strategies for pragmatics are also views on the topic. These views have contributed to the diversity of subjects that pragmatics researchers have researched.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has focused on a broad range of subjects that include L2 pragmatic comprehension as well as production of requests by EFL learners, and the role of the theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It is also applied to various social and cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top producers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their rank differs based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top pragmatics authors based on their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution in pragmatics includes pioneering concepts such as conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language than it is with truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on the ways in which one phrase can be understood to mean different things in different contexts, including those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine which phrases have a message. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature, pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and established one, there is much debate regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, while others insist that this particular problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an autonomous discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics,  [https://hylistings.com/story19140234/an-guide-to-pragmatic-ranking-in-2024 프라그마틱 게임] along with the study of phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however, have claimed that the study of pragmatics should be considered part of the philosophy of language since it examines the ways in which our concepts of the meaning and uses of language influence our theories of how languages work.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a handful of issues that are central to the study of pragmatism. For example, some scholars have suggested that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it examines the ways people interpret and use language without being able to provide any information regarding what is actually being said. This sort of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that the subject should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the manner the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and  [https://bookmarkunit.com/story17957679/ten-things-you-learned-at-preschool-that-ll-aid-you-in-pragmatic-slot-recommendations 프라그마틱 무료체험] social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. These are issues that are addressed in greater detail in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that help shape the meaning of utterances.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of a language. It examines how language is used in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of the speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines like cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of views on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, such as Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relation of words to objects they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of saying something. They argue that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in an expression are already determined by semantics while the rest is defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that a single utterance could have different meanings based on factors like ambiguity or  [https://brightbookmarks.com/story18260404/the-main-problem-with-pragmatic-free-trial-slot-buff-and-how-to-fix-it 프라그마틱 정품인증] indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and [https://hotbookmarkings.com/story18103412/why-nobody-cares-about-live-casino 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] 정품 사이트 ([https://agendabookmarks.com/story18009585/why-pragmatic-slots-free-is-your-next-big-obsession Agendabookmarks.com]) beliefs, and expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. It is because each culture has its own rules about what is appropriate in different situations. In certain cultures, it's acceptable to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. The main areas of study are computational and  [https://wise-social.com/story3488008/10-myths-your-boss-is-spreading-about-pragmatic-slots 프라그마틱 정품확인] formal pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How does free Pragmatics compare to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with how meaning is communicated by language in context. It examines the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence interpretation, focusing less on grammatical features of the utterance than on what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics like syntax, semantics and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in a variety of directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. There is a wide range of research in these areas, addressing topics like the importance of lexical features and the interaction between discourse and language, and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatics one of the most important questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the interplay between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have claimed it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that they are the same.<br><br>The debate over these positions is usually a tussle, with scholars arguing that certain instances fall under the rubric of either pragmatics or semantics. For instance certain scholars argue that if an utterance has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, whereas others believe that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is only one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side methods. It attempts to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance by illustrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted parses of a speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any, and that is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so strong in comparison to other possible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism, the belief that you must abide to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study it is comparatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics by their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language usage instead of focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on the ways that an expression can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or 무료 [http://aggy.ru/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 홈페이지] ([https://www.shopping.eu/redirect?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F&ds=32927&subds=websuche.de&pid=131224007&keyword=Konjunkturbelebung&pos=1&q=b14b53113bf5fab08af9edf534fb52ea&t=20230129125146&prnt_ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.websuche.de Shopping.Eu]) ambiguity. It also examines the strategies that listeners employ to determine which utterances are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, while others claim that this type of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories on how languages work.<br><br>There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. Recanati and  [https://advancedcommtceh.agilecrm.com/click?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F 프라그마틱 무료스핀] Bach discuss these issues in greater in depth. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines like cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also different views about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of an utterance, while other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. For example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. The main areas of research include formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It examines the way in which the speaker's intentions and  프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프 ([https://rzol.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/?goto=https://pragmatickr.com rzol.ru]) beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, like syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in several different directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research, which addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the identical.<br><br>The debate over these positions is often an ongoing debate scholars argue that certain instances fall under the rubric of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for  [http://www.legisaldia.com/redirectorNL.asp?Id_Tarea=_IDTAREA_&Email=%7B%7BEMAIL%7D%7D&Enlace=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법] a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is often described as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 05:13, 6 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy that is focused on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism, the belief that you must abide to your beliefs.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.

As a field of study it is comparatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.

There are a myriad of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.

The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics by their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language usage instead of focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on the ways that an expression can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or 무료 프라그마틱 홈페이지 (Shopping.Eu) ambiguity. It also examines the strategies that listeners employ to determine which utterances are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, while others claim that this type of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.

Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories on how languages work.

There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.

The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. Recanati and 프라그마틱 무료스핀 Bach discuss these issues in greater in depth. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an expression.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.

Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines like cognitive science or philosophy.

There are also different views about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of an utterance, while other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. For example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. The main areas of research include formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It examines the way in which the speaker's intentions and 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프 (rzol.ru) beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, like syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.

In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in several different directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research, which addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.

In the philosophical debate about pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the identical.

The debate over these positions is often an ongoing debate scholars argue that certain instances fall under the rubric of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법 a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is often described as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.