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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the relationship between context and language. It asks questions like What do people actually think when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is based on practical and sensible action. It's in contrast to idealism, the belief that you must always abide by your principles.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that language users find meaning from and each with each other. It is often seen as a component of language, but it is different from semantics in that it is focused on what the user wants to convey, not on what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It is primarily an academic field of study within linguistics, but it also influences research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and Anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notion of intention and the interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has focused on a broad range of topics such as L2 pragmatic understanding as well as request production by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to cultural and social phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top producers in pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the best pragmatics authors solely according to the quantity of their publications. It is possible to identify influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics includes pioneering concepts like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language than it is with truth or reference, or grammar. It examines how a single word can be understood in different ways in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses on strategies that hearers use to determine if words are meant to be a communication. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and  [https://guidemysocial.com/story3375635/the-most-pervasive-issues-with-pragmatic-sugar-rush 프라그마틱 게임] 환수율 ([https://bookmarkoffire.com/story18015619/15-reasons-to-not-ignore-pragmatic-kr this site]) pragmatics is a well-known and long-established one There is a lot of controversy regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers claim that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics is a branch of linguistics or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an autonomous discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics, along with the study of phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is a part of philosophy because it focuses on how our ideas about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories on how languages function.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a few key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatics. For instance, some scholars have suggested that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without referring to any facts about what is actually being said. This kind of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study ought to be considered an independent discipline because it studies how cultural and social factors influence the meaning and use language. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining the meaning of what a speaker is expressing in the sentence. These are the issues more thoroughly discussed in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. Both are important pragmatic processes in the sense that they help to shape the overall meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how context affects linguistic meaning. It evaluates how human language is utilized in social interaction, and the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, many theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intention of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of words by hearers. Certain practical approaches have been put with other disciplines, like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also divergent opinions regarding the boundaries between pragmatics and semantics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deals with the relationship of signs to objects which they may or [https://pukkabookmarks.com/story18140028/20-things-you-need-to-know-about-pragmatic-slots 프라그마틱 불법] may not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said while far-side focuses on the logical implications of a statement. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' in the words spoken are already determined by semantics while the rest is determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same utterance can have different meanings in different contexts, based on factors such as indexicality and ambiguity. Discourse structure, speaker beliefs and intentions, and listener expectations can also change the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in various situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and lots of research is conducted in this field. The main areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and  [https://pragmatic-kr90111.tribunablog.com/15-great-documentaries-about-pragmatic-44173660 무료슬롯 프라그마틱] theoretical pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; as well as pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is communicated through language in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of the utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics like syntax and semantics or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. This includes conversational pragmatics and computational linguistics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research, which addresses aspects like lexical features and 무료 [https://socialicus.com/story3401288/7-helpful-tips-to-make-the-maximum-use-of-your-pragmatic-slots-site 프라그마틱 이미지] ([https://bookmarkingalpha.com/story18085722/a-step-by-step-guide-to-picking-your-pragmatic-slot-buff bookmarkingalpha.Com]) the interplay between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism one of the most important questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic explanation of the interface between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have claimed that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not well-defined, and that they are the identical.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to debate between these two perspectives and argue that certain phenomena fall under either pragmatics or semantics. For instance some scholars believe that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, whereas others argue that the fact that a statement may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different approach, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is just one of the many ways that the word can be interpreted and that all of these ways are valid. This is sometimes called "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has sought to integrate the concepts of semantics and far-side trying to understand the full scope of the possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by modeling how a speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified versions of a utterance that contains the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so strong when contrasted to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism, the belief that you must abide to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study it is comparatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics by their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language usage instead of focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on the ways that an expression can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or  무료 [http://aggy.ru/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 홈페이지] ([https://www.shopping.eu/redirect?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F&ds=32927&subds=websuche.de&pid=131224007&keyword=Konjunkturbelebung&pos=1&q=b14b53113bf5fab08af9edf534fb52ea&t=20230129125146&prnt_ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.websuche.de Shopping.Eu]) ambiguity. It also examines the strategies that listeners employ to determine which utterances are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, while others claim that this type of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories on how languages work.<br><br>There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. Recanati and  [https://advancedcommtceh.agilecrm.com/click?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F 프라그마틱 무료스핀] Bach discuss these issues in greater in depth. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines like cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also different views about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of an utterance, while other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. For example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. The main areas of research include formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It examines the way in which the speaker's intentions and 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프 ([https://rzol.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/?goto=https://pragmatickr.com rzol.ru]) beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, like syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in several different directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research, which addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the identical.<br><br>The debate over these positions is often an ongoing debate scholars argue that certain instances fall under the rubric of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for  [http://www.legisaldia.com/redirectorNL.asp?Id_Tarea=_IDTAREA_&Email=%7B%7BEMAIL%7D%7D&Enlace=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법] a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is often described as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 05:13, 6 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy that is focused on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism, the belief that you must abide to your beliefs.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.

As a field of study it is comparatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.

There are a myriad of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.

The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics by their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language usage instead of focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on the ways that an expression can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or 무료 프라그마틱 홈페이지 (Shopping.Eu) ambiguity. It also examines the strategies that listeners employ to determine which utterances are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, while others claim that this type of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.

Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories on how languages work.

There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.

The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. Recanati and 프라그마틱 무료스핀 Bach discuss these issues in greater in depth. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an expression.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.

Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines like cognitive science or philosophy.

There are also different views about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of an utterance, while other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. For example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. The main areas of research include formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It examines the way in which the speaker's intentions and 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프 (rzol.ru) beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, like syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.

In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in several different directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research, which addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.

In the philosophical debate about pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the identical.

The debate over these positions is often an ongoing debate scholars argue that certain instances fall under the rubric of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법 a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is often described as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.