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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It poses questions such as What do people really mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their principles regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users interact and communicate with one with one another. It is often seen as a component of language, but it differs from semantics because pragmatics concentrates on what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field it is comparatively new and its research has been expanding rapidly over the past few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field however, it has also had an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its development and growth. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which is focused on the concept of intention and how it affects the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. The lexical and  [https://ask.xn--mgbg7b3bdcu.net/user/scarfcream2 프라그마틱 정품확인] [http://mariskamast.net:/smf/index.php?action=profile;area=forumprofile;u=3332482 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트] 팁 ([https://maps.google.com.br/url?q=https://squareblogs.net/flareshock2/pragmatic-slot-buff-tips-that-will-change-your-life maps.google.com.Br]) concept strategies for pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a vast range topics, such as pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used a variety of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, yet their positions differ based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the top authors in pragmatics solely according to the quantity of their publications. It is possible to identify influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For example, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics includes pioneering concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language as opposed to the study of truth, reference, or grammar. It examines the ways that an utterance can be understood as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies that listeners employ to determine if utterances are intended to be communicated. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature which was first developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear where they should be drawn. For example some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics while others have argued that this type of thing should be treated as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another debate is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of languages or a branch of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and should be treated as an independent part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax semantics and so on. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as part of the philosophy of language since it examines the ways that our concepts of the meanings and functions of language affect our theories about how languages work.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a few key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatics. Some scholars have suggested, for example, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline by itself because it examines how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring back to actual facts about what was said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the study should be considered a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner in which the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics are the ways in which we understand the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by an individual speaker in a sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in more detail. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial pragmatic processes in that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It evaluates how human language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the communication intent of speakers. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of words by hearers. Some pragmatics theories have been combined with other disciplines, like cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are different opinions about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deal with the relation of signs to objects they may or may not denote,  [https://www.google.com.gi/url?q=https://smith-saunders.technetbloggers.de/ten-stereotypes-about-pragmatic-recommendations-that-arent-always-the-truth 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지] whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' of an utterance is already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single utterance could have different meanings based on the context, such as ambiguity or indexicality. Discourse structure, beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well listener expectations can also change the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. It is because every culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. There are a myriad of areas of study, including computational and formal pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatism, intercultural and cross linguistic pragmatics and clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of an utterance and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is linked to other areas of study of linguistics, such as syntax and semantics, or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in various directions, including computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a wide variety of research that addresses aspects like lexical features and the interplay between discourse, language, and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatics, one of the major issues is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the interface between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that pragmatics and semantics are really the same thing.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to go back and forth between these two views and argue that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars say that if a statement has an actual truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others contend that the fact that a statement can be interpreted differently is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance is just one of the many ways that the word can be interpreted and that all of these interpretations are valid. This approach is often called far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has attempted to integrate the concepts of semantics and far-side in an effort to comprehend the full scope of the interpretive possibilities for an utterance by modeling how a speaker's intentions and beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version is a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technical innovations developed by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is why the exclusiveness implicature is so reliable in comparison to other possible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism, the belief that you must abide to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study it is comparatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics by their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language usage instead of focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on the ways that an expression can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or  무료 [http://aggy.ru/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 홈페이지] ([https://www.shopping.eu/redirect?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F&ds=32927&subds=websuche.de&pid=131224007&keyword=Konjunkturbelebung&pos=1&q=b14b53113bf5fab08af9edf534fb52ea&t=20230129125146&prnt_ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.websuche.de Shopping.Eu]) ambiguity. It also examines the strategies that listeners employ to determine which utterances are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, while others claim that this type of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories on how languages work.<br><br>There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. Recanati and [https://advancedcommtceh.agilecrm.com/click?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F 프라그마틱 무료스핀] Bach discuss these issues in greater in depth. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines like cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also different views about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of an utterance, while other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. For example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. The main areas of research include formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It examines the way in which the speaker's intentions and  프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프 ([https://rzol.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/?goto=https://pragmatickr.com rzol.ru]) beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, like syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in several different directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research, which addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the identical.<br><br>The debate over these positions is often an ongoing debate scholars argue that certain instances fall under the rubric of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for  [http://www.legisaldia.com/redirectorNL.asp?Id_Tarea=_IDTAREA_&Email=%7B%7BEMAIL%7D%7D&Enlace=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법] a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is often described as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 05:13, 6 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy that is focused on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism, the belief that you must abide to your beliefs.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.

As a field of study it is comparatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.

There are a myriad of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.

The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics by their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language usage instead of focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on the ways that an expression can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or 무료 프라그마틱 홈페이지 (Shopping.Eu) ambiguity. It also examines the strategies that listeners employ to determine which utterances are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, while others claim that this type of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.

Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories on how languages work.

There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.

The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. Recanati and 프라그마틱 무료스핀 Bach discuss these issues in greater in depth. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an expression.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.

Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines like cognitive science or philosophy.

There are also different views about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of an utterance, while other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. For example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. The main areas of research include formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It examines the way in which the speaker's intentions and 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프 (rzol.ru) beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, like syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.

In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in several different directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research, which addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.

In the philosophical debate about pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the identical.

The debate over these positions is often an ongoing debate scholars argue that certain instances fall under the rubric of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법 a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is often described as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.