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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics examines the relationship between context and language. It addresses questions such as What do people actually mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable actions. It differs from idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their beliefs regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way that language users interact and communicate with each other. It is often thought of as a component of language, however it differs from semantics because pragmatics concentrates on what the user is trying to convey and not what the meaning is.<br><br>As a research field, pragmatics is relatively new and its research has been expanding rapidly in the last few decades. It is a language academic field, but it has also had an impact on research in other fields like sociolinguistics, psychology, and anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its development and growth. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notion of intention and the interaction with the speaker's knowledge about the listener's comprehension. Conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics are also perspectives on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a vast variety of topics, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in mental and [https://pukkabookmarks.com/story18170655/five-qualities-that-people-search-for-in-every-pragmatic-recommendations 프라그마틱 무료슬롯] physical metaphors. It can also be applied to cultural and social phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed a variety of methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, however their ranking varies by database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and  [https://guideyoursocial.com/story3440521/13-things-you-should-know-about-pragmatic-that-you-might-never-have-known 프라그마틱 정품확인방법] interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top authors of pragmatics based on their publications only. It is possible to determine influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution in pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Other highly influential authors in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language as opposed to the study of truth or reference, or [https://pragmatic-kr20864.bloggerswise.com 프라그마틱 슬롯 팁] grammar. It focuses on the ways that an phrase can be understood to mean different things in different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies used by listeners to determine if phrases have a message. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one There is a lot of debate about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers claim that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics is a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered a distinct part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax, semantics and so on. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a part of philosophy because it focuses on how our ideas about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories on how languages function.<br><br>There are a few key issues in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of the debate. For example, some scholars have claimed that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it studies the ways that people interpret and use language without using any data regarding what is actually being said. This kind of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that this study should be considered a field in its own right since it examines the manner in which the meaning and usage of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we perceive the nature of the utterance interpretation process as an inferential process and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is being said by the speaker in a particular sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in more in depth. Both papers address the notions of a saturation and a free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that influence the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how context affects linguistic meaning. It studies the way that human language is used during social interaction and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is focused on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret utterances. Certain approaches to pragmatics have been merged with other disciplines, like cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are also different views regarding the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different subjects. He says that semantics deals with the relationship of signs to objects which they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They argue that semantics already determines some of the pragmatics of an utterance, while other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that a single utterance could have different meanings based on the context, such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and [https://kbookmarking.com/ 프라그마틱 슬롯체험] beliefs, as well as the expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. It is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. Some of the most important areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and [https://onlybookmarkings.com/story18024369/10-pragmatic-free-trial-meta-tricks-all-experts-recommend 프라그마틱 무료] experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How is free Pragmatics similar to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is communicated by the language used in its context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of an speech and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics has a connection to other areas of study of linguistics, such as syntax and semantics or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times, the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research that addresses topics such as lexical features and the interplay between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatism one of the main questions is whether it is possible to give a rigorous and systematic analysis of the interface between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and that pragmatics and semantics are actually the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to debate back and forth between these two views and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. For instance some scholars believe that if an utterance has an actual truth-conditional meaning, then it is semantics, whereas other argue that the fact that a statement can be interpreted in a variety of ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different view and argue that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one of many ways that the utterance may be interpreted and that all interpretations are valid. This approach is sometimes described as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and [https://getsocialnetwork.com/story3464987/how-to-build-successful-pragmatic-slot-manipulation-techniques-from-home 프라그마틱 정품확인] far side methods. It tries to capture the full range of interpretive possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by illustrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version incorporates an Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technological innovations created by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any, and that is why the exclusiveness implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism, the belief that you must abide to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study it is comparatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics by their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language usage instead of focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on the ways that an expression can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or 무료 [http://aggy.ru/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 홈페이지] ([https://www.shopping.eu/redirect?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F&ds=32927&subds=websuche.de&pid=131224007&keyword=Konjunkturbelebung&pos=1&q=b14b53113bf5fab08af9edf534fb52ea&t=20230129125146&prnt_ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.websuche.de Shopping.Eu]) ambiguity. It also examines the strategies that listeners employ to determine which utterances are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, while others claim that this type of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories on how languages work.<br><br>There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. Recanati and [https://advancedcommtceh.agilecrm.com/click?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F 프라그마틱 무료스핀] Bach discuss these issues in greater in depth. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines like cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also different views about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of an utterance, while other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. For example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. The main areas of research include formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It examines the way in which the speaker's intentions and  프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프 ([https://rzol.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/?goto=https://pragmatickr.com rzol.ru]) beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, like syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in several different directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research, which addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the identical.<br><br>The debate over these positions is often an ongoing debate scholars argue that certain instances fall under the rubric of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for  [http://www.legisaldia.com/redirectorNL.asp?Id_Tarea=_IDTAREA_&Email=%7B%7BEMAIL%7D%7D&Enlace=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법] a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is often described as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 05:13, 6 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy that is focused on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism, the belief that you must abide to your beliefs.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.

As a field of study it is comparatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.

There are a myriad of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.

The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics by their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language usage instead of focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on the ways that an expression can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or 무료 프라그마틱 홈페이지 (Shopping.Eu) ambiguity. It also examines the strategies that listeners employ to determine which utterances are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, while others claim that this type of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.

Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories on how languages work.

There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.

The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. Recanati and 프라그마틱 무료스핀 Bach discuss these issues in greater in depth. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an expression.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.

Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines like cognitive science or philosophy.

There are also different views about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of an utterance, while other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. For example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. The main areas of research include formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It examines the way in which the speaker's intentions and 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프 (rzol.ru) beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, like syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.

In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in several different directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research, which addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.

In the philosophical debate about pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the identical.

The debate over these positions is often an ongoing debate scholars argue that certain instances fall under the rubric of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법 a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is often described as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.