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Assessment For ADHD in Adults<br><br>Whether you're a medical professional or simply someone who is interested in finding out more about adult ADHD, there are several tests you can choose from. Some of the most well-known ones include the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), the Conner's Test, and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). All of these are available online and are easy to administer.<br><br>Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS)<br><br>The Wender Utah Rating Scale is self-report measurement of ADHD symptoms. It has been suggested as a sensitive method to determine ADHD diagnosis. The scale is designed for children, but the results suggest that it can be used by adults who suffer from ADHD too.<br><br>There have been many studies that have examined the psychometric properties. McCann, BS, conducted an investigation to determine the validity of discrimination in the WURS. The internal consistency of the three-factor solution was satisfactory. The solution included items that described an inattention deficit, defiant behavior and social problems. Another factor had a higher Alpha coefficient.<br><br>Similar studies were conducted using the WURS in Italian. Results showed that there is a relationship between the total score of the WURS and the chance of a diagnosis of mental health disorders.<br><br>Researchers also identified the most important factors that affect school performance and emotional dysregulation. The Academic factor was also associated with one of these factors, the disruptive behavior and mood factors.<br><br>One of the other important factors is age. Participants who scored over 30 on the WURS were more likely to be diagnosed with an ADHD diagnosis.<br><br>Another intriguing result was WURS's measurement [https://gpsites.win/story.php?title=what-is-adhd-assessment-to-utilize-it cost of adhd assessment uk] emotional lability which was a predictor of adult ADHD. Understanding ADHD in adults is possible by studying the emotional dysregulation.<br><br>Numerous studies have shown that those suffering from BP or BPD have higher scores on the WURS. However, this is not true of people suffering from GAD/MDD. Interestingly, females had higher scores on the WURS than males.<br><br>The Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) has an excellent screening and diagnostic accuracy. This makes it an effective tool to evaluate the possibility of ADHD in adults.<br><br>Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS)<br><br>The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is a validated screening test for adults who suffer from ADHD. It's simple to administer and offers accurate results.<br><br>In addition to identifying those who suffer from ADHD, the ASRS can also aid physicians to determine whether further evaluation is required. This test method is especially useful for busy primary health care settings.<br><br>The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale was developed in collaboration with the World Health Organisation. It's not intended to be a diagnostic tool, but rather, to provide a simple method for health professionals treating adults to determine the likelihood that an individual has ADHD.<br><br>The ASRS has been used to verify the presence of adult ADHD in those who seek disability services. It is also able to give estimates of the frequency of ADHD in the local community.<br><br>A Workgroup on Adult ADHD was formed to develop the ASRS. A questionnaire that contained 18 questions was developed . It was used to measure the frequency of the occurrence of ADHD symptoms in the previous six months.<br><br>ASRS-V1.1 is an effective screening tool for adults with ADHD in primary care. It is a quick and easy questionnaire that can be completed in less than five minutes. In comparison to other screening tests, this one has moderate specificity and high sensitivity.<br><br>One study found that it can accurately determine about seventy percent of adults suffering from ADHD. It's not a complete measure. It's only comprised of six items that have the most potential for predicting ADHD. Despite its flaws, the ASRS V1.1 is still a useful screening tool for assessing ADHD risk in adults in primary care.<br><br>ASRS-V1.1 takes just a few minutes to complete and does not hinder productivity at work. It also provides an efficient, simple and quick way to [https://techdirt.stream/story.php?title=the-12-worst-types-adhd-assessments-tweets-you-follow get an adhd assessment] an official diagnosis.<br><br>Conner's Test<br><br>Conner's Test for the assessment of ADHD in adults is among the most sought-after self-report tests to diagnose the condition. The test is a reliable and efficient tool for behavioral assessment. The test's results may not always be 100% accurate. It is recommended to use the test only under the supervision of a physician.<br><br>A licensed psychologist or mental health professional will help you identify the problem. They will discuss the findings with you and recommend a treatment plan. To monitor the development of your treatment you can seek the advice from a therapist or counselor. If the symptoms persist the doctor might want to prescribe different medications.<br><br>A doctor can also suggest the use of additional testing tools. These include physical tests, attention skill tests, and behavior tests. Conners 4 is a good choice for a comprehensive test. It provides a thorough analysis of ADHD symptoms and co-occurring disorders.<br><br>The Conner's Adult ADHD Rating Scale-Self Report: Long Version is a popular self-report instrument. This test comprises eight scales for measuring specific ADHD symptoms. These include impulsivity, hyperactivity, and impulse control.<br><br>The longer version includes more subscales than the shorter version, but only 25 questions are in the shorter version. Both versions were designed to follow up on the behavior of a child with ADHD.<br><br>The Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Self-Report Long Version showed high discriminant validity in an investigation. This suggests that it is a good tool to differentiate ADHD patients from healthy control subjects. At the same time the percentage of false positives is high.<br><br>Considering these limitations However, it is safe to use the Conner's Test for assessment of ADHD. You should discuss the results with your physician and therapist to avoid confusion.<br><br>Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI).<br><br>The Personality Assessment Inventory is a psychopathological assessment instrument for children, adolescents, and adults. Its scales and subscales are constructed from 11 clinical tests. This assessment can be used to identify disorders across three broad categories that include personality, impulse control and psychopathology.<br><br>The PAI has been validated against many of the most well-known psychopathology and personality tests. In addition it has been translated into Spanish for clients who speak Spanish.<br><br>The PAI-A has been validated against the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form and the NEO-FFI. Additionally, it has been used to diagnose Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in adults.<br><br>Past research has demonstrated the psychometric strength of a variety of indicators of response distortion in the Personality Assessment Inventory. The current study focused on the positive and negative distortion indicators in the PAI.<br><br>Six PAI subscales were identified through stepwise regression. These subscales showed significant differences between ADHD and non-ADHD clients. These subscales were further analyzed using MANOVA.<br><br>The PAI has been used to evaluate fake ADHD in both adults and children. Previous research has demonstrated concurrent validity with other measures of ADHD. However, there is limited information on [https://yogaasanas.science/wiki/15_Facts_Your_Boss_Wants_You_To_Know_About_ADHD_Assessment_You_Knew_About_ADHD_Assessment how to get an assessment for adhd] to get assessed for adhd uk ([http://szw0.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=277562 why not check here]) to distinguish feigned from genuine [https://www.metooo.es/u/670ac987ecbdea1189715f41 adhd assessment scotland].<br><br>Insufficient information on the environmental factors that affect the association between ADHD symptoms and borderline traits is another reason. To fill this gap in understanding, the current study looked into the environmental factors that influence the relationship between borderline traits and ADHD. The study looked into the relationship between ADHD symptoms and borderline traits using a sample of 7,233 twins.<br><br>For the Personality Assessment Inventory, several new validity indicators have been created. They are developed by from logistic regression and exhibit excellent sensitivity as well as specificity.<br><br>Results<br><br>Adults with ADHD report difficulties with concentration and time management. They also complain about low performance at work and tend to make their work incomplete. Some have stated that they've been treated with stimulants in past.<br><br>An assessment of adults with ADHD might include a medical interview, neuropsychological examination, and laboratory tests. These instruments can give information about the current symptoms of an individual, however they cannot predict future impairment. A lot of these measures aren't standardised and therefore can be biased.<br><br>An assessment of adult with ADHD can also involve a family history. An experienced clinician may get a thorough history of psychiatric disorders and a history of substance abuse. A physical examination and a mental state examination are the other typical components of the assessment.<br><br>The diagnosis of adult ADHD is determined by the patient's history of symptoms. This should include a review of current symptoms aswell an evaluation of the patient’s medical and familial history.<br><br>The assessment of the clinical patient should focus on the presence of impairment. The CPT impairment index provides an indicator of sensitivity. It is calculated from the Full Scale Attention Quotient and the Full Scale Respond Control.<br><br>Inattention and hyperactivity scores of 6 or higher on the CPT are considered to be a sign of ADHD. A Qb-Score of 1.5 in healthy people is recommended as the threshold to determine ADHD.<br><br>The study showed that malingerers over compensate for their weaknesses. They also scored lower on visual tasks as well as auditory tasks, leading to lower mean scores for visuals. They could not fool the Auditory Prudence and Visual Focus tests.
Assessment For ADHD in Adults<br><br>Whether you're medical professional or an individual who's interested in knowing more about adult ADHD there are numerous tests you can use. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, Conner's Test, or the Personality Assessment Inventory are some of the most well-known. These assessments are all available online and are easy to administer.<br><br>Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS)<br><br>The Wender Utah Rating Scale, a self-report tool for ADHD symptoms, is an instrument that allows you to assess your symptoms. It has been suggested as a sensitive method for ADHD diagnosis. The scale is designed for children but the results suggest that it could be used by adults suffering from ADHD as well.<br><br>There have been a variety of studies that have examined the psychometric properties. McCann, BS conducted a study to determine the validity of discrimination for the WURS. The internal consistency of the three-factor solution was satisfactory. The solution contained items that discussed defiant behavior and inattention as well as social problems. Another factor was discovered to have an alpha coefficient that was higher.<br><br>Similar research was conducted with an Italian version of the WURS. Results showed a relationship between the total score of the WURS and the chance of a diagnosis of mental health disorders.<br><br>Researchers also identified the main factors that affect school performance and emotional dysregulation. The Academic factor was also linked to one of these factors, which is the disruptive behavior and mood factors.<br><br>One of the other significant factors is age. Participants with a score of WURS greater than 30 were more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.<br><br>Another interesting result was the measurement of emotional lability by WURS which was a predictor of adult ADHD. Emotional dysregulation is important for understanding how ADHD develops in adults.<br><br>Numerous studies have shown that those suffering from BP or BPD have higher scores on the WURS. Adults with GAD/MDD score lower on the WURS. However, this is not true. It was interesting to note that females scored higher on WURS than their male counterparts.<br><br>The Wender Utah Rating Scale, (WURS) is a highly accurate diagnostic and screening accuracy. As such, it is an effective instrument for assessing the possibility of ADHD in adults.<br><br>Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS)<br><br>The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is a tested screening test for adults who suffer from ADHD. It is easy to use and provides accurate results.<br><br>The ASRS helps doctors determine the need for further examination. This test is particularly useful for busy primary care settings.<br><br>The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale was developed in collaboration with the World Health Organisation. It's not intended to be an instrument for diagnosing [https://maps.google.com.qa/url?q=https://clayton-fuglsang-2.blogbright.net/why-no-one-cares-about-adhd-assessments-1728775863 adhd assessment psychiatry uk] rather, it's intended to provide an easy method for health professionals working with adults to determine whether the person has ADHD.<br><br>The ASRS can be used to determine adult ADHD in applicants for disability benefits. It can also estimate the prevalence of [https://telegra.ph/15-Amazing-Facts-About-ADHD-Assessment-Belfast-That-You-Didnt-Know-10-12 adhd assessment] in the community.<br><br>To develop the ASRS to develop the ASRS, a Workgroup on Adult ADHD was established. To determine ADHD symptoms' frequency in the past six months, a survey with 18 questions was developed.<br><br>ASRS-V1.1 is an instrument for screening that can be used to screen people with ADHD in primary healthcare. It's a quick and easy questionnaire that can be completed in less than five minutes. It is more sensitive than other screening tests and has a moderate level of specificity.<br><br>One study found that it can correctly determine about seventy percent of adults who suffer from ADHD. It's not a complete test. It's only comprised of six items that have the highest probabilities of predicting ADHD. Despite its limitations, the ASRS-V1.1 remains a powerful screening tool to determine the likelihood of ADHD in adult primary care populations.<br><br>ASRS-V1.1 is fast and simple to use. It doesn't hinder office productivity. It is a fast, simple, and quick procedure to receive an official diagnosis.<br><br>Conner's Test<br><br>Conner's Test to determine ADHD in adults is among the most commonly used self-report methods for diagnosing the condition. It is a reliable and extremely effective behavioral assessment instrument. However, the results of the test might not always be accurate. Therefore, it is recommended to use the test under the supervision of a medical doctor.<br><br>A licensed psychologist or mental health professional will help diagnose the disorder. They will discuss the findings with you and recommend a treatment program. You may also seek the assistance of a psychotherapist or counselor to monitor the progress of the treatment. If the symptoms continue the doctor may decide to prescribe other medication.<br><br>A doctor may also suggest the use of additional testing tools. These include physical examinations as well as attention skills tests and behavior assessments. Conners 4 is a good choice for a comprehensive test. It offers a thorough analysis of ADHD symptoms and co-occurring disorders.<br><br>Conner's Adult ADHD Rating Scale - Self Report Long Version is a popular self report measure. The test includes eight scales for measuring the specific ADHD symptoms. They include impulse control, hyperactivity and impulsivity.<br><br>While the long version contains more subscales, the shorter version only has 25 questions. Both versions were created to track ADHD-related behaviors in children.<br><br>The Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Self-Report: Long Version showed high discriminant validity in an investigation. This suggests that it is suitable to distinguish [https://saveyoursite.date/story.php?title=why-do-so-many-people-want-to-know-about-adhd-assessment-2 adhd assessment women] patients from healthy control subjects. However false positives are common.<br><br>With these limitations in mind However, it is safe to take the Conner's Test for assessment of ADHD. To be sure that you are not misdiagnosing yourself, discuss the results of the test with your doctor and therapist.<br><br>Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)<br><br>The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is a psychopathological assessment instrument for adolescents, adults, and children. Its scales and subscales are constructed from 11 clinical tests. This assessment is used to determine the presence of disorders that fall into three broad categories such as impulse control, personality, and psychopathology.<br><br>The PAI has been validated against numerous of the most well-known psychopathology and personality tests. Additionally it has been translated into Spanish for Spanish-speaking clients.<br><br>The PAI-A has been validated against the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form and the NEO-FFI. Additionally, it has been used to diagnose Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in adults.<br><br>Research in the past has revealed the psychometric properties of a variety of indicators for response distortion in the Personality Assessment Inventory. This study examined both the distortion indicators, both positive and negative, in PAI.<br><br>Six PAI subscales were identified by stepwise regression. The subscales were significantly different between ADHD and non-ADHD clients. MANOVA was used to further analyze the effects of ADHD on these subscales.<br><br>The PAI can be used to assess feigned ADHD in both children and adults. Previous research has demonstrated good co-validity with other measures of ADHD. But, there is insufficient information on [https://ask.xn--mgbg7b3bdcu.net/user/closewood82 How to get assessed For adhd] to differentiate between genuine and fake ADHD.<br><br>Additionally, little is known about the environmental impact on the association between borderline and ADHD symptoms. To fill this gap in knowledge, this study examined environmental factors in the relationship between borderline traits and ADHD. The study looked into the relationship between [https://yogicentral.science/wiki/20_Questions_You_Should_Always_Ask_About_ADHD_Assessment_Near_Me_Before_You_Purchase_ADHD_Assessment_Near_Me cheap adhd assessment] symptoms and borderline traits using 7233 twins.<br><br>For the Personality Assessment Inventory, several new validity indicators have been created. They are taken from logistic regression and demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity.<br><br>Results<br><br>Adults with ADHD have issues with concentration and time management. They also complain of poor performance at work and tend to leave projects unfinished. Some have claimed that they had been treated with stimulants in the past.<br><br>An assessment of adults with ADHD could include a clinical interview, a neuropsychological test, and laboratory tests. These instruments are able to give information about the individual's current symptoms but they are not reliable predictors of future impairment. Moreover, many of these measures are not standardized and therefore susceptible to bias.<br><br>An assessment of adults with ADHD may also involve the family history. A trained clinician may be able to obtain a detailed history of psychiatric comorbidities as well as an addiction history. Physical examination and mental status examination are other common elements of the assessment.<br><br>The diagnosis of adult ADHD is dependent on the history of the patient of symptoms. The history should include a thorough review of the current symptoms as well an examination of the patient's medical and family history.<br><br>The objective of the clinical examination should be to determine whether there is an impairment. The CPT impairment index is an indication of the sensitivity. It is taken from the Full Scale Attention Quotient, the Full Scale Response Control, and the Total ADHD summation.<br><br>ADHD is defined by hyperactivity and inattention scores of 6 or more on the CPT. A Qb-Score of 1.5 for healthy individuals is suggested as the threshold to diagnose ADHD.<br><br>The study revealed that malingerers over compensate for their incompetences. They also scored lower on visual tasks and auditory tasks, which led to lower mean scores on visual tasks. They were not able to pass the Auditory Prudence and Visual Focus tests.

Latest revision as of 17:31, 26 December 2024

Assessment For ADHD in Adults

Whether you're medical professional or an individual who's interested in knowing more about adult ADHD there are numerous tests you can use. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, Conner's Test, or the Personality Assessment Inventory are some of the most well-known. These assessments are all available online and are easy to administer.

Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS)

The Wender Utah Rating Scale, a self-report tool for ADHD symptoms, is an instrument that allows you to assess your symptoms. It has been suggested as a sensitive method for ADHD diagnosis. The scale is designed for children but the results suggest that it could be used by adults suffering from ADHD as well.

There have been a variety of studies that have examined the psychometric properties. McCann, BS conducted a study to determine the validity of discrimination for the WURS. The internal consistency of the three-factor solution was satisfactory. The solution contained items that discussed defiant behavior and inattention as well as social problems. Another factor was discovered to have an alpha coefficient that was higher.

Similar research was conducted with an Italian version of the WURS. Results showed a relationship between the total score of the WURS and the chance of a diagnosis of mental health disorders.

Researchers also identified the main factors that affect school performance and emotional dysregulation. The Academic factor was also linked to one of these factors, which is the disruptive behavior and mood factors.

One of the other significant factors is age. Participants with a score of WURS greater than 30 were more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.

Another interesting result was the measurement of emotional lability by WURS which was a predictor of adult ADHD. Emotional dysregulation is important for understanding how ADHD develops in adults.

Numerous studies have shown that those suffering from BP or BPD have higher scores on the WURS. Adults with GAD/MDD score lower on the WURS. However, this is not true. It was interesting to note that females scored higher on WURS than their male counterparts.

The Wender Utah Rating Scale, (WURS) is a highly accurate diagnostic and screening accuracy. As such, it is an effective instrument for assessing the possibility of ADHD in adults.

Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS)

The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is a tested screening test for adults who suffer from ADHD. It is easy to use and provides accurate results.

The ASRS helps doctors determine the need for further examination. This test is particularly useful for busy primary care settings.

The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale was developed in collaboration with the World Health Organisation. It's not intended to be an instrument for diagnosing adhd assessment psychiatry uk rather, it's intended to provide an easy method for health professionals working with adults to determine whether the person has ADHD.

The ASRS can be used to determine adult ADHD in applicants for disability benefits. It can also estimate the prevalence of adhd assessment in the community.

To develop the ASRS to develop the ASRS, a Workgroup on Adult ADHD was established. To determine ADHD symptoms' frequency in the past six months, a survey with 18 questions was developed.

ASRS-V1.1 is an instrument for screening that can be used to screen people with ADHD in primary healthcare. It's a quick and easy questionnaire that can be completed in less than five minutes. It is more sensitive than other screening tests and has a moderate level of specificity.

One study found that it can correctly determine about seventy percent of adults who suffer from ADHD. It's not a complete test. It's only comprised of six items that have the highest probabilities of predicting ADHD. Despite its limitations, the ASRS-V1.1 remains a powerful screening tool to determine the likelihood of ADHD in adult primary care populations.

ASRS-V1.1 is fast and simple to use. It doesn't hinder office productivity. It is a fast, simple, and quick procedure to receive an official diagnosis.

Conner's Test

Conner's Test to determine ADHD in adults is among the most commonly used self-report methods for diagnosing the condition. It is a reliable and extremely effective behavioral assessment instrument. However, the results of the test might not always be accurate. Therefore, it is recommended to use the test under the supervision of a medical doctor.

A licensed psychologist or mental health professional will help diagnose the disorder. They will discuss the findings with you and recommend a treatment program. You may also seek the assistance of a psychotherapist or counselor to monitor the progress of the treatment. If the symptoms continue the doctor may decide to prescribe other medication.

A doctor may also suggest the use of additional testing tools. These include physical examinations as well as attention skills tests and behavior assessments. Conners 4 is a good choice for a comprehensive test. It offers a thorough analysis of ADHD symptoms and co-occurring disorders.

Conner's Adult ADHD Rating Scale - Self Report Long Version is a popular self report measure. The test includes eight scales for measuring the specific ADHD symptoms. They include impulse control, hyperactivity and impulsivity.

While the long version contains more subscales, the shorter version only has 25 questions. Both versions were created to track ADHD-related behaviors in children.

The Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Self-Report: Long Version showed high discriminant validity in an investigation. This suggests that it is suitable to distinguish adhd assessment women patients from healthy control subjects. However false positives are common.

With these limitations in mind However, it is safe to take the Conner's Test for assessment of ADHD. To be sure that you are not misdiagnosing yourself, discuss the results of the test with your doctor and therapist.

Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)

The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is a psychopathological assessment instrument for adolescents, adults, and children. Its scales and subscales are constructed from 11 clinical tests. This assessment is used to determine the presence of disorders that fall into three broad categories such as impulse control, personality, and psychopathology.

The PAI has been validated against numerous of the most well-known psychopathology and personality tests. Additionally it has been translated into Spanish for Spanish-speaking clients.

The PAI-A has been validated against the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form and the NEO-FFI. Additionally, it has been used to diagnose Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in adults.

Research in the past has revealed the psychometric properties of a variety of indicators for response distortion in the Personality Assessment Inventory. This study examined both the distortion indicators, both positive and negative, in PAI.

Six PAI subscales were identified by stepwise regression. The subscales were significantly different between ADHD and non-ADHD clients. MANOVA was used to further analyze the effects of ADHD on these subscales.

The PAI can be used to assess feigned ADHD in both children and adults. Previous research has demonstrated good co-validity with other measures of ADHD. But, there is insufficient information on How to get assessed For adhd to differentiate between genuine and fake ADHD.

Additionally, little is known about the environmental impact on the association between borderline and ADHD symptoms. To fill this gap in knowledge, this study examined environmental factors in the relationship between borderline traits and ADHD. The study looked into the relationship between cheap adhd assessment symptoms and borderline traits using 7233 twins.

For the Personality Assessment Inventory, several new validity indicators have been created. They are taken from logistic regression and demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity.

Results

Adults with ADHD have issues with concentration and time management. They also complain of poor performance at work and tend to leave projects unfinished. Some have claimed that they had been treated with stimulants in the past.

An assessment of adults with ADHD could include a clinical interview, a neuropsychological test, and laboratory tests. These instruments are able to give information about the individual's current symptoms but they are not reliable predictors of future impairment. Moreover, many of these measures are not standardized and therefore susceptible to bias.

An assessment of adults with ADHD may also involve the family history. A trained clinician may be able to obtain a detailed history of psychiatric comorbidities as well as an addiction history. Physical examination and mental status examination are other common elements of the assessment.

The diagnosis of adult ADHD is dependent on the history of the patient of symptoms. The history should include a thorough review of the current symptoms as well an examination of the patient's medical and family history.

The objective of the clinical examination should be to determine whether there is an impairment. The CPT impairment index is an indication of the sensitivity. It is taken from the Full Scale Attention Quotient, the Full Scale Response Control, and the Total ADHD summation.

ADHD is defined by hyperactivity and inattention scores of 6 or more on the CPT. A Qb-Score of 1.5 for healthy individuals is suggested as the threshold to diagnose ADHD.

The study revealed that malingerers over compensate for their incompetences. They also scored lower on visual tasks and auditory tasks, which led to lower mean scores on visual tasks. They were not able to pass the Auditory Prudence and Visual Focus tests.