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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and [http://wzgroupup.hkhz76.badudns.cc/home.php?mod=space&uid=1722931 프라그마틱 추천] reasonable actions. It differs from idealism which is the belief that one must adhere to their principles regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that language users find meaning from and each one another. It is usually thought of as a part of language however, it differs from semantics in that pragmatics looks at what the user is trying to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study it is comparatively new and research in the area has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic area of study within linguistics, but it also influences research in other fields like psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notions of intention and their interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the diversity of subjects that pragmatics researchers have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a vast range topics, such as pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the significance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It is also applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics varies according to the database utilized. The US and the UK are two of the top producers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their rank varies depending on the database. This is because pragmatics is a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics according to their publications only. It is possible to identify influential authors based on their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics is a pioneering concept such as conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language as opposed to the study of truth grammar, reference, or. It studies the ways in which an phrase can be understood as meaning various things depending on the context as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies that hearers use to determine which utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and established one however, there is much debate regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a subset of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology, semantics, etc. Others, however, have claimed that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language because it focuses on the ways that our ideas about the meanings and functions of language affect our theories of how languages work.<br><br>There are a few key issues in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled many of the debates. Some scholars have argued for instance, that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it examines how people interpret and use the language without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This kind of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Certain scholars have argued that this study should be considered as an independent discipline because it studies how social and [https://lovebookmark.win/story.php?title=responsible-for-an-pragmatic-korea-budget-twelve-top-ways-to-spend-your-money 프라그마틱 사이트] 슬롯무료; [https://www.themirch.com/blog/author/johnpet8/ just click the up coming document], cultural factors influence the meaning and usage of language. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining the meaning of what a speaker is expressing in the sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in more depth. Both papers discuss the notions a saturation and a free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are crucial processes that shape the meaning of utterances.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It studies the way that the human language is utilized in social interactions and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics.<br><br>A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the communicative intent of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of words by listeners. Certain approaches to pragmatics have been merged with other disciplines, such as cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of opinions on the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different subjects. He argues semantics concerns the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on the content of what is said, while far-side focuses on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They argue that semantics already determines certain aspects of the meaning of a statement, whereas other pragmatics is determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that the same word can have different meanings in different contexts, based on things such as ambiguity and [https://informatic.wiki/wiki/20_Interesting_Quotes_About_Live_Casino 프라그마틱 무료] indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an expression include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as listener expectations.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. This is because different cultures have their own rules about what is appropriate to say in various situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to look at each other however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this field. There are a myriad of areas of research, such as computational and formal pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, intercultural and cross linguistic pragmatics and clinical and  [https://opensourcebridge.science/wiki/The_Most_Powerful_Sources_Of_Inspiration_Of_Pragmatic 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율] 사이트 ([https://saveyoursite.date/story.php?title=why-pragmatic-is-right-for-you-7 https://saveyoursite.date]) experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is communicated by the language used in its context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure that is used in the utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is linked to other areas of study of linguistics such as semantics and syntax or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in a variety of directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a wide variety of research that addresses aspects like lexical features and the interplay between discourse, language, and meaning.<br><br>One of the main issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to have a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have claimed that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is unclear and that pragmatics and semantics are really the identical.<br><br>The debate between these positions is often an ongoing debate scholars argue that particular phenomena fall under the umbrella of semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement has a literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others contend that the possibility that a statement may be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative approach. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that they are all valid. This is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the entire range of interpretive possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version combines a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, and technological advances developed by Franke and Bergen. The model predicts that listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted parses of a speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and that is why the exclusiveness implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is a study of the relationship between context and language. It asks questions like What do people actually think when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It's in opposition to idealism, the notion that you should always stick to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways in which language users gain meaning from and each other. It is often thought of as a part or language, but it differs from semantics in that it is focused on what the user is trying to convey and not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of research, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has expanded quickly in the past few decades. It is primarily an academic discipline within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its development and growth. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a vast range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used diverse methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and UK are two of the top performers in research on pragmatics. However, their rank differs based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top authors in pragmatics by their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts such as conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users than it is with truth or reference, [https://classifylist.com/story19801072/why-everyone-is-talking-about-pragmatic-free-trial-meta-right-now 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천] or grammar. It focuses on the ways in which one expression can be interpreted as meaning different things in different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine if utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear how they should be drawn. For instance, some philosophers have argued that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have argued that this kind of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a branch of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its own right and that it should be considered a distinct part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and more. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it deals with how our notions of the meaning and use of languages influence our theories about how languages function.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a few key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatics. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline by itself because it studies how people interpret and use the language,  [https://bookmarkfame.com/story17962484/20-tools-that-will-make-you-more-efficient-with-pragmatic-slots-experience 프라그마틱 추천] without necessarily referring to facts about what actually was said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that this study should be considered a field in its own right because it examines the manner in which the meaning and usage of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we perceive the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are topics that are addressed in greater detail in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions a saturation and a free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are crucial processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It examines the way humans use language in social interaction and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory, focus on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by listeners. Certain pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines, such as philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also divergent opinions regarding the boundaries between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, such as Morris believes that semantics and pragmatics are two distinct topics. He argues semantics concerns the relationship of signs to objects that they might or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in an expression are already influenced by semantics, while the rest is determined by pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that the same utterance could have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things such as ambiguity and indexicality. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. It is because every culture has its own rules regarding what is appropriate in various situations. In some cultures, it's considered polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is conducted in the field. Some of the main areas of research include: formal and computational pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How does free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It examines the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on grammatical features of the utterance instead of what is being said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics like syntax and semantics, or  [https://bookmarkshq.com/story19553516/what-is-the-future-of-pragmatickr-be-like-in-100-years 프라그마틱 순위] the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in several different directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research, which focuses on topics such as lexical features and the interaction between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatism one of the main questions is whether it's possible to give a precise and systematic analysis of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics isn't well-defined and that they are the identical.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to argue back and forth between these two positions and argue that certain events are either pragmatics or semantics. For instance certain scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, whereas others believe that the fact that a statement may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of the many possible interpretations,  [https://bookmarklethq.com/story18057166/the-3-biggest-disasters-in-pragmatic-casino-history 프라그마틱 정품확인] 순위 - [https://bookmarkinglive.com/story18831367/11-faux-pas-you-re-actually-able-to-create-with-your-pragmatic-image bookmarkinglive.Com], and that all of them are valid. This is commonly known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and [https://bookmarkmiracle.com/story19578695/how-pragmatic-altered-my-life-for-the-better 프라그마틱 슬롯] Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified parses of an utterance containing the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so robust as contrasted to other possible implicatures.

Revision as of 03:17, 21 October 2024

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is a study of the relationship between context and language. It asks questions like What do people actually think when they use words?

It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It's in opposition to idealism, the notion that you should always stick to your beliefs.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the ways in which language users gain meaning from and each other. It is often thought of as a part or language, but it differs from semantics in that it is focused on what the user is trying to convey and not what the actual meaning is.

As a field of research, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has expanded quickly in the past few decades. It is primarily an academic discipline within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its development and growth. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.

The study of pragmatics has covered a vast range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used diverse methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.

The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and UK are two of the top performers in research on pragmatics. However, their rank differs based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to rank the top authors in pragmatics by their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts such as conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users than it is with truth or reference, 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 or grammar. It focuses on the ways in which one expression can be interpreted as meaning different things in different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine if utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear how they should be drawn. For instance, some philosophers have argued that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have argued that this kind of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.

Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a branch of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its own right and that it should be considered a distinct part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and more. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it deals with how our notions of the meaning and use of languages influence our theories about how languages function.

This debate has been fueled by a few key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatics. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline by itself because it studies how people interpret and use the language, 프라그마틱 추천 without necessarily referring to facts about what actually was said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that this study should be considered a field in its own right because it examines the manner in which the meaning and usage of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we perceive the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are topics that are addressed in greater detail in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions a saturation and a free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are crucial processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It examines the way humans use language in social interaction and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.

A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory, focus on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by listeners. Certain pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines, such as philosophy or cognitive science.

There are also divergent opinions regarding the boundaries between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, such as Morris believes that semantics and pragmatics are two distinct topics. He argues semantics concerns the relationship of signs to objects that they might or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in an expression are already influenced by semantics, while the rest is determined by pragmatic processes of inference.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that the same utterance could have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things such as ambiguity and indexicality. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a word.

Another aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. It is because every culture has its own rules regarding what is appropriate in various situations. In some cultures, it's considered polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.

There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is conducted in the field. Some of the main areas of research include: formal and computational pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.

How does free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It examines the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on grammatical features of the utterance instead of what is being said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics like syntax and semantics, or 프라그마틱 순위 the philosophy of language.

In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in several different directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research, which focuses on topics such as lexical features and the interaction between discourse, language and meaning.

In the philosophical debate on pragmatism one of the main questions is whether it's possible to give a precise and systematic analysis of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics isn't well-defined and that they are the identical.

It is not uncommon for scholars to argue back and forth between these two positions and argue that certain events are either pragmatics or semantics. For instance certain scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, whereas others believe that the fact that a statement may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of the many possible interpretations, 프라그마틱 정품확인 순위 - bookmarkinglive.Com, and that all of them are valid. This is commonly known as far-side pragmatics.

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and 프라그마틱 슬롯 Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified parses of an utterance containing the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so robust as contrasted to other possible implicatures.