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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It addresses questions such as What do people really mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on practical and reasonable actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their principles no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that language users find meaning from and each with each other. It is often viewed as a part of a language, but it differs from semantics because pragmatics focuses on what the user wants to convey, not on what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been expanding rapidly in the last few decades. It has been primarily an academic field of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics, and anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notions of intention and their interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's understanding. The lexical and concept approaches to pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of topics that pragmatics researchers have investigated.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a vast variety of topics, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics varies depending on which database is used. The US and UK are two of the top performers in research on pragmatics. However, their rank varies depending on the database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top pragmatics authors by their publications only. It is possible to identify influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other highly influential authors in the field of pragmatics include Grice, [https://sb-bookmarking.com/story18141078/it-s-the-good-and-bad-about-pragmatic 프라그마틱 무료스핀] 추천 ([https://cyberbookmarking.com/story18022784/10-healthy-habits-for-pragmatic-slot-experience Cyberbookmarking.Com]) Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users rather than with truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on how one phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine whether words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear how they should be drawn. For instance some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence's meaning is a part of semantics. Others have claimed that this sort of thing should be considered as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a part of philosophy of languages or a part of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a discipline in its own right and that it should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology, semantics, etc. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories on how languages work.<br><br>There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled many of the debates. For instance, some researchers have argued that pragmatics is not a discipline in and of itself because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information regarding what is actually being said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this field should be considered as a discipline of its own because it examines how social and cultural influences affect the meaning and use of language. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in a sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in greater in depth. Both papers explore the notions saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that influence the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to linguistic meaning. It studies the way that humans use language in social interactions and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of the speaker. Relevance Theory for instance, focuses on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some approaches to pragmatics have been combined with other disciplines, such as cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are also differing opinions regarding the boundaries between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers,  [https://pr6bookmark.com/story18247034/this-week-s-top-stories-about-pragmatic-free-game-pragmatic-free-game 프라그마틱 무료슬롯] like Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two separate topics. He says that semantics deal with the relationship of signs to objects they may or not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the usage of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with what is said while far-side focuses on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They claim that semantics determines certain aspects of the meaning of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that a single word can have different meanings based on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, and expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a phrase.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. It is because each culture has its own rules about what is appropriate in various situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is being conducted in the field. Some of the most important areas of study are computational and formal pragmatics as well as experimental and  [https://bookmarksoflife.com/story3583574/7-things-about-pragmatic-official-website-you-ll-kick-yourself-for-not-knowing 프라그마틱] theoretical pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through the language in a context. It analyzes the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to interpretation, and focuses less on the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is linked to other areas of the study of linguistics, such as syntax and semantics or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in a variety of directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research, which focuses on aspects like lexical features and the interplay between discourse, language, and meaning.<br><br>One of the main issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to have an accurate, systematic understanding of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not well-defined and that they are the identical.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to argue back and forth between these two positions and argue that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. For  [https://pragmatickr-com97642.full-design.com/10-wrong-answers-to-common-pragmatic-free-slots-questions-do-you-know-the-correct-answers-72548586 프라그마틱 슬롯무료] 무료체험 메타 - [https://letsbookmarkit.com/story18071203/ten-pragmatic-genuine-related-stumbling-blocks-you-shouldn-t-post-on-twitter Https://Letsbookmarkit.Com], instance some scholars believe that if an expression has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, whereas other argue that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different approach in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways in which the expression can be understood, and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is sometimes referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Some recent work in pragmatics has sought to combine both approaches trying to understand the full range of interpretive possibilities for an utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version is a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, and technological advances developed by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified versions of an utterance containing the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so strong when in comparison to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the relationship between language and context. It addresses issues like: What do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is based on practical and sensible action. It's in opposition to idealism, the notion that you must abide to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways in which language users get meaning from and [https://bookmarkplaces.com/story18058700/5-pragmatic-experience-projects-for-any-budget 프라그마틱 정품확인] with each other. It is usually thought of as a component of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area the field of pragmatics is relatively new and its research has been expanding rapidly in the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic discipline within linguistics, but it also has an impact on research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notion of intention and its interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. The lexical and concept strategies for pragmatics are also perspectives on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has been focused on a broad range of topics such as L2 pragmatic understanding, production of requests by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics is different according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their rank varies depending on the database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics based on their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language rather than with truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on how a single phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on methods that listeners employ to determine whether phrases are intended to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was first developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely known, it isn't always clear where they should be drawn. For example some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence's meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this type of thing should be treated as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered to be a linguistics branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics along with phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language since it deals with the ways that our concepts of the meaning and uses of language influence our theories about how languages work.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a few key issues that are central to the study of pragmatics. Some scholars have suggested, for example, that pragmatics isn't a discipline by itself because it examines how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This kind of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that this study is a discipline in its own right because it examines the way the meaning and use of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is said by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are issues that are addressed in greater detail in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. Both are crucial pragmatic processes in that they aid in shaping the meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It studies the way that the human language is utilized in social interaction and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, many theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, [https://gorillasocialwork.com/story19110593/what-s-everyone-talking-about-pragmatic-free-trial-meta-this-moment 프라그마틱 홈페이지] concentrate on the intention of communication of the speaker. Others, [https://bookmarkstime.com/story18431943/pragmatic-slot-buff-tools-to-help-you-manage-your-daily-lifethe-one-pragmatic-slot-buff-trick-that-every-person-should-know 프라그마틱 무료체험] [https://bookmarkplaces.com/story18058700/5-pragmatic-experience-projects-for-any-budget 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료] 사이트, [https://bookmarkcork.com/story18646786/3-ways-in-which-the-pragmatic-influences-your-life click through the up coming article], like Relevance Theory concentrate on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Certain approaches to pragmatics have been merged with other disciplines, including philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are different opinions on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different subjects. He asserts that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They define "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of uttering a phrase. They argue that semantics already determines the logical implications of a statement, whereas other pragmatics are determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same phrase can mean different things in different contexts, depending on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. It is because every culture has its own rules regarding what is appropriate in various situations. For instance, it is acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is being done in this field. There are a variety of areas of research, including pragmatics that are computational and formal theoretic and experimental pragmatism, intercultural and cross pragmatics in linguistics, and clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by the use of language in a context. It analyzes how the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on the grammatical aspects of the speech than on what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a connection to other areas of study of linguistics like semantics and syntax,  [https://ledbookmark.com/story3624012/5-pragmatic-projects-for-any-budget 무료슬롯 프라그마틱] or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics has expanded in many directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a wide range of research in these areas, which address issues like the importance of lexical features, the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>One of the major issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to provide an accurate, systematic understanding of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between semantics and pragmatics isn't well-defined and that they are the same.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to debate back and forth between these two perspectives and argue that certain events fall under either pragmatics or semantics. For example, some scholars argue that if an expression has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while others argue that the fact that an expression could be interpreted in different ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is only one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This is commonly called far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities for a speaker's utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 12:17, 20 December 2024

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics studies the relationship between language and context. It addresses issues like: What do people mean by the terms they use?

It's a philosophy that is based on practical and sensible action. It's in opposition to idealism, the notion that you must abide to your beliefs.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways in which language users get meaning from and 프라그마틱 정품확인 with each other. It is usually thought of as a component of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.

As a research area the field of pragmatics is relatively new and its research has been expanding rapidly in the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic discipline within linguistics, but it also has an impact on research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.

There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notion of intention and its interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. The lexical and concept strategies for pragmatics are also perspectives on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have researched.

The study of pragmatics has been focused on a broad range of topics such as L2 pragmatic understanding, production of requests by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.

The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics is different according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their rank varies depending on the database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics based on their number of publications alone. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language rather than with truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on how a single phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on methods that listeners employ to determine whether phrases are intended to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was first developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely known, it isn't always clear where they should be drawn. For example some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence's meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this type of thing should be treated as a pragmatic problem.

Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered to be a linguistics branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics along with phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language since it deals with the ways that our concepts of the meaning and uses of language influence our theories about how languages work.

This debate has been fueled by a few key issues that are central to the study of pragmatics. Some scholars have suggested, for example, that pragmatics isn't a discipline by itself because it examines how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This kind of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that this study is a discipline in its own right because it examines the way the meaning and use of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.

Other areas of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is said by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are issues that are addressed in greater detail in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. Both are crucial pragmatic processes in that they aid in shaping the meaning of an expression.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It studies the way that the human language is utilized in social interaction and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.

Over the years, many theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, 프라그마틱 홈페이지 concentrate on the intention of communication of the speaker. Others, 프라그마틱 무료체험 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료 사이트, click through the up coming article, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Certain approaches to pragmatics have been merged with other disciplines, including philosophy and cognitive science.

There are different opinions on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different subjects. He asserts that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They define "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of uttering a phrase. They argue that semantics already determines the logical implications of a statement, whereas other pragmatics are determined by the pragmatic processes.

The context is among the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same phrase can mean different things in different contexts, depending on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. It is because every culture has its own rules regarding what is appropriate in various situations. For instance, it is acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.

There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is being done in this field. There are a variety of areas of research, including pragmatics that are computational and formal theoretic and experimental pragmatism, intercultural and cross pragmatics in linguistics, and clinical and experimentative pragmatics.

How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by the use of language in a context. It analyzes how the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on the grammatical aspects of the speech than on what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a connection to other areas of study of linguistics like semantics and syntax, 무료슬롯 프라그마틱 or philosophy of language.

In recent times the field of pragmatics has expanded in many directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a wide range of research in these areas, which address issues like the importance of lexical features, the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of meaning itself.

One of the major issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to provide an accurate, systematic understanding of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between semantics and pragmatics isn't well-defined and that they are the same.

It is not uncommon for scholars to debate back and forth between these two perspectives and argue that certain events fall under either pragmatics or semantics. For example, some scholars argue that if an expression has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while others argue that the fact that an expression could be interpreted in different ways is a sign of pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is only one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This is commonly called far-side pragmatics.

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities for a speaker's utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust compared to other plausible implications.