10 Adhd Assessment Tricks Experts Recommend: Difference between revisions

From VSt Wiki
(Created page with "Assessing ADHD in Adults<br><br>It is vital to evaluate those suffering from adhd [https://articlescad.com/heres-an-interesting-fact-about-adhd-assessments-203427.html assessed for adhd] the proper diagnosis. This can be a daunting task. There are a variety of methods to [https://clicavisos.com.ar/author/insectauthor6/ assess adhd], including structured clinical interviews and self-report rating scales. However, just because these methods are widely used doesn't mean tha...")
 
mNo edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
Assessing ADHD in Adults<br><br>It is vital to evaluate those suffering from adhd [https://articlescad.com/heres-an-interesting-fact-about-adhd-assessments-203427.html assessed for adhd] the proper diagnosis. This can be a daunting task. There are a variety of methods to [https://clicavisos.com.ar/author/insectauthor6/ assess adhd], including structured clinical interviews and self-report rating scales. However, just because these methods are widely used doesn't mean that they're not easy to use.<br><br>Interview with the parent/child<br><br>The most important aspect of ADHD evaluations is the parent/child interaction. It provides valuable information to the physician about the phenomenological as well being the ecological validity of the child's symptoms. This information, combined with information gathered from other sources, will be able to form the basis of an accurate diagnosis.<br><br>Effective interviews are built on asking specific questions. Avoid asking too much about the parents' personal issues. Be careful not to overinterpret informal observations of the child's behavior.<br><br>Pervasiveness is an important criterion to diagnose ADHD. An excellent measure of the pervasiveness of a symptom is CHATTI. The tool is a basic but effective tool to evaluate teacher-reported total symptom scores.<br><br>Another tool that is useful is the questionnaire. Questionnaires are easy to administer and demonstrate high reliability. However, they can also be biased by rater bias.<br><br>The interview with the parent/child is an important component of the assessment. But, it can be criticized for its lack of accuracy. The exam process could cause parents to become frustrated, and for some it could be a therapeutic experience.<br><br>Clinical evaluation should be performed in conjunction with parent-child interviews. A thorough review of the child's prior records must be conducted. Psychoeducational and medical records along with previous test results can provide the clinician an insight into the child's psychosocial profile.<br><br>Other factors that should be considered are the type of the referral. A referral for an ADHD diagnosis may be indicated by a child's behaviour issues. Family stress could also be a cause for symptoms of ADHD.<br><br>A great interview should contain a mix of standardized testing as well as interactions between parents and children. If the examiner is planning to conduct an interview with a minority child the examiner should try to adhere to cultural standards.<br><br>The most important thing to consider in an interview between a child and a parent is the bond the examiner establishes with the parent. A diagnosis can be determined if the examiner has established a rapport with the parent and has the information from the interview.<br><br>The interview should be viewed as a positive element of a thorough and precise assessment of the child’s emotional, behavioral, and social strengths and weaknesses. An accurate assessment can help determine the child's progress and provide the most appropriate treatment.<br><br>Self-report scales of rating<br><br>Rating scales are useful in diagnosing ADHD in adults. They can be used by healthcare professionals, parents caregivers, and many others. There are different types of scales for rating available and are used to measure the various behavioral issues related to ADHD.<br><br>The Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is a self-report survey that assesses ADHD in adults. Its v1.1 version contains 18 questions. Part A questions ask subjects to evaluate their symptoms. Part B questions measure the severity of symptoms. Both tests have been studied extensively, and there is plenty of research that has been conducted on their accuracy.<br><br>ASRS has a high concurrency. Additionally, the questions are designed around DSM criteria and are designed to be able to identify signs of ADHD. The frequency scores are indications of the level of the impact of symptoms on the patient's life.<br><br>Despite the ubiquity of these tests however, the connection between their accuracy and the actual diagnostic use of these tests isn't obvious. One study revealed that only 7% of children who took executive function tests, such as the StanfordBinet Test and the Attention Deficit Disorder Test, showed positive correlations between their results and those of the ASRS.<br><br>Research on the relationship between the executive function tests and the [https://emplois.fhpmco.fr/author/coverdesert8/ adhd assessments] self-report scales has yielded mixed results. This could be due to the insufficient specificity of the tests. The ADHD self-report questionnaire results have not been shown to be correlated with attentional performance or any other component of the EF.<br><br>These tests are not perfect however they can be used to assess the likelihood of having ADHD. These tests will indicate ADHD when scores are greater than 60. A question such as "How often do you have problems with concentration?" is a common answer. You will score positively because the answers "Never", "Not Very Often" and "Always," are all negative.<br><br>Some rating scales also ask about other conditions, such as depression, that could be a result of ADHD. A shorter version of the checklist by the CDC is available.<br><br>Structured clinical interview<br><br>To determine if you have ADHD in adults, a clinical interview is the most popular method. This method is usually used alongside other tools. These tools include behavioral rating scales cognitive testing, cognitive tests, and self-report measures. A combination of these diagnostic tools has been shown to be more accurate than individual tools.<br><br>Patients are asked to explain their main symptoms in various situations during a consultation. This helps clinicians evaluate the patient's daily life and determine whether they suffer from ADHD. These charts also give an accurate picture of the patient's challenges with specific ADHD symptoms.<br><br>It is important to include informants who can confirm the patient's medical history when using ADHD behavior rating systems. In the absence of this, it could result in over-reporting of symptoms. Informants could include spouses or employer, as well as any other important adult in the life of. Averaging is the best way to combine these ratings.<br><br>Cognitive testing is an essential component of diagnosing ADHD in adults. It increases the specificity and reliability of the test battery. It is particularly useful in monitoring treatment response. Some studies show that combining cognitive testing with ADHD behavior rating scales is more effective than relying on one or the other.<br><br>Adults suffering from ADHD often have difficulty understanding the root of their behavior issues. As a result, the diagnosis of their condition may be uncertain. Research has revealed that ADHD symptoms like concentration and memory are the most reliable indicators of ADHD in adults.<br><br>Adults suffering from ADHD have a higher incidence of comorbid conditions than children. Studies suggest that comorbidities might affect the subjective symptoms. Future studies should investigate the effects of medications and comorbid psychological conditions.<br><br>There is a great deal of research on the reliability of the scales for behavioral rating for diagnosing adults with ADHD. One study demonstrated that the [http://www.stes.tyc.edu.tw/xoops/modules/profile/userinfo.php?uid=1790612 diva adhd assessment] was the most accurate and BAARS-IV the most inaccurate. However these tools [https://cyclelayer7.werite.net/how-private-adhd-assessment-uk-can-be-your-next-big-obsession are adhd assessments covered by insurance] not objective. Researchers recommend that you get these ratings from knowledgeable people.<br><br>A structured clinical interview is a great tool for assessing adults suffering from ADHD. It is not just a collection of standard questions, but also modules that examine the development of the child as well as symptomatology based on DSM criteria.<br><br>Psychological and neuropsychological testing<br><br>For those who suffer from [https://telegra.ph/The-Secret-Secrets-Of-Private-Adhd-Assessment-Near-Me-05-19 cheap adhd assessment uk] Neuropsychological and psychological testing can be very useful. These tests can aid in diagnosing neurological diseases or brain disorders and offer guidance on treatment strategies.<br><br>Psychological tests can be used to evaluate various mental functions and behavior. They are also used for diagnosing learning disabilities and developmental disabilities. The results of these tests can be compared to the results for normal people of similar age.<br><br>A neuropsychological assessment is a thorough, tested test of the brain that measures various mental functions, is referred to as a neuropsychological assessment. This type of testing is typically administered by a professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist. The most common tests involve answering questions and doing tasks using a computer.<br><br>Psychological tests can measure intelligence, such as memory and reasoning abilities in addition to other functions such as multitasking and attention. These types of tests are designed to gauge cognitive capacity without injury. However, a person can still experience cognitive problems due to an injury or neurologic condition which could trigger cognitive changes.<br><br>Tests for ADHD for adults could include measures of attention to memory, language, and other abilities. These tests are used to differentiate between those with disabilities and healthy ones. ADHD sufferers are more distracted than healthy adults, especially when they are required to concentrate on abstract problems solving and maintain their attention.<br><br>To aid in diagnosing ADHD in adults, neuropsychological and psychological tests are commonly employed. This is because ADHD symptoms are predominantly neurocognitive in the nature. These symptoms can include problems in short-term memory, as well as verbal process. These aren't the only signs of the disorder.<br><br>The results of neuropsychological and psychological tests to assess ADHD in adults can be used to develop treatment plans and develop an intervention strategy. The results are summarized in a personal report that includes a description of the symptoms, treatment recommendations, and recommendations for further investigation. Depending on the results of the test, the health professional may offer additional tests to check for any other ailments.<br><br>Comprehensive testing for ADHD for adults is carried out on one-on-one basis. A qualified clinical psychologist will review the patient's medical background, developmental milestones and behavior during the evaluation. The psychologist also talks with the patient about his or her issues, and offers suggestions for treatment.
Assessing ADHD in Adults<br><br>It is crucial to examine adults with adhd for a proper diagnosis. This isn't an easy task. There are a myriad of methods to assess adhd, including structured clinical interviews and self-report rating scales. These procedures are not necessarily straightforward but they are popular.<br><br>Interviews with parents and children<br><br>A crucial aspect of ADHD evaluations is the parent/child interaction. It provides the clinician with invaluable information regarding the phenomenological and ecological validity of the child's symptoms. This information should be combined with other data sources to provide a basis [https://iampsychiatry63874.wikipowell.com/5618671/a_peek_at_adult_adhd_assessment_s_secrets_of_adult_adhd_assessment getting assessed for adhd] an accurate diagnosis.<br><br>The key to an effective interview is to provide specific and specific questions. Don't ask too many questions about parents' personal concerns. Be cautious not to interpret informal observations about the child's behavior as a form of judgement.<br><br>Pervasiveness is a crucial criterion to determine ADHD. CHATTI is a reliable measure of the degree of pervasiveness of symptoms. It is easy and reliable in assessing the total scores of teachers' reported symptoms.<br><br>Another tool that is useful is the questionnaire. They are simple to administer and demonstrate high levels of reliability. They are susceptible to bias due to biases of raters.<br><br>Although the interview with the parent is an important component of the test and is often condemned for its lack reliability. The process of testing can cause parents to be unhappy, and for some it could be a therapeutic experience.<br><br>Interviews with parents and children should be accompanied by a thorough clinical assessment. A thorough review of the child's prior documents should be conducted. The clinician will get a better understanding of the child's psychological profile by looking over his or her medical and psychoeducational records.<br><br>Other factors that should be considered are the type of the referral. The child's behavior issues could indicate that a referral is necessary for ADHD diagnosis. Stress from family members could be a source of symptoms of ADHD.<br><br>A good interview should include the use of standardized tests as well as parent/child interactions. Interviews with children who are minority should be conducted by an examiner who is committed to the cultural standards.<br><br>The most important aspect of a parent/child interview with a parent is the bond the examiner establishes with the parent. A diagnosis can be determined if the examiner establishes a relationship with the parent, and also the interview information.<br><br>Overall, the interview should be seen as an important and positive element of a thorough and accurate assessment of the child's behavioral, social, and emotional strengths and weaknesses. An accurate diagnosis will help to determine the child's development and help determine the best treatment.<br><br>Self-report rating scales<br><br>Rating scales can be useful in measuring ADHD in adults. They can be used by clinicians and other healthcare providers, parents and caregivers, and others. There are a myriad of rating scales that can be used to [https://marcoxhotx.uzblog.net/the-best-private-adhd-assessment-uk-tips-to-rewrite-your-life-43021946 assess ADHD]'s behavioral symptoms.<br><br>The Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is a self-report questionnaire that assesses ADHD in adults. Its v1.1 version contains 18 questions. Part A questions require the subjects to assess their symptoms. Part B questions measure the severity of symptoms. These tests have been extensively studied and a lot of research has been conducted to determine their accuracy.<br><br>ASRS has a high level of concurrent validity. Additionally, the questions are built on DSM criteria, and they are designed to detect symptoms of ADHD. The frequency scores show the severity of the symptoms' impact on the daily activities of the patient.<br><br>These test instruments are very popular, however the relationship between their accuracy as well as the actual use of these tests isn't clear. One study showed that only 7 percent of children who took executive function tests, like the StanfordBinet Scale and Attention Deficit Disorder Test, had positive correlations between their scores and those of the ASRS.<br><br>Divergent results have been observed in studies on the relationship between ADHD self-report scales and executive function tests. This could be due to the lack of specificity of the tests. The ADHD self-report results have not been shown to be correlated with attentional performance or other components of the EF.<br><br>Although these measures aren't perfect, they are still an excellent way [https://iampsychiatry29198.wikijm.com/844926/10_mobile_apps_that_are_the_best_for_adhd_assessment_adult how to get an assessment for adhd] assess the possibility of having ADHD. If a person has ADHD then the scores on these tests should be higher than 60. A question like "[https://iampsychiatry-uk27510.sasugawiki.com/6473591/are_you_responsible_for_a_adhd_assessment_adult_budget_10_unfortunate_ways_to_spend_your_money how do i get my son assessed for adhd] often do you have problems with concentration?" is a common answer. You will score well because the answers "Never", "Not Very Often" and "Always," are all negative.<br><br>Certain scales can also inquire about the impact of [https://bookmarkingbay.com/story17716225/why-assessments-for-adhd-in-adults-is-fast-becoming-the-most-popular-trend-for-2023 gp adhd assessment] on your life, such as depression. A simplified version of the checklist from the CDC is available.<br><br>Structured clinical interview<br><br>In establishing a diagnosis for ADHD for adults, a clinical interview is the most commonly used method. This approach is used alongside a variety of other tools. These tools include cognitive testing, behavioral rating scales and self-report measures. Combining these diagnostic tools has been proven to be more accurate than individual tools.<br><br>Patients are asked to explain their main symptoms in various situations during a consultation. It allows the clinicians to evaluate the impact of their symptoms on daily life and to determine whether the patient suffers from ADHD. These charts also give an accurate picture of the patient's issues with specific ADHD symptoms.<br><br>When you are integrating ADHD behavior rating scales, it is vital to include informants who can verify the patient's medical history. In the absence of this, it could result in an over-reporting of symptoms. Informants could be spouses, employer, and any other significant person in the adult's life. The best way to integrate these ratings is through an averaging technique.<br><br>Cognitive testing is a key aspect in diagnosing ADHD in adults. It increases the specificity and reliability of the assessment battery. It is particularly useful for monitoring the response to treatment. Research has shown that cognitive testing combined with ADHD behavior rating scales is more effective than relying only on one.<br><br>Adults suffering from ADHD often have difficulties understanding the root of their behavior issues. It can be difficult to diagnose ADHD. Research indicates that some of the symptoms that are most effective in identifying people suffering from ADHD are those that are connected to concentration and memory.<br><br>Adults suffering from ADHD have a higher prevalence of comorbid disorders than children. Studies have shown that comorbidities may influence subjective symptoms. Therefore future studies should look at the effects of medication and psychological conditions that are comorbid.<br><br>The research has been conducted extensively regarding the reliability and accuracy of the behavioral rating scales that are used to identify ADHD in adults. One study found that the DIVA was the most accurate and BAARS-IV the least. These instruments are subjective. Researchers suggest that you seek these ratings from experts.<br><br>A structured clinical interview is an ideal method to evaluate adults suffering from ADHD. It doesn't just gather standardized questions but also contains modules that assess developmental data as well as symptomatology based on DSM criteria.<br><br>Psychological and neuropsychological testing<br><br>For adults suffering from ADHD Neuropsychological and psychological testing can be very useful. These tests aid in diagnosing brain disorders and neurological injuries, and provide guidance to treatment strategies.<br><br>Psychological tests can be used to measure a variety of mental functions and behavior. They can also be used to determine the presence of learning disabilities and developmental difficulties. These test results can be compared with the results of people who are similar in age.<br><br>A neuropsychological test is an extensive, standardized test of the brain that measures various mental functions. This type of testing is typically administered by a specialist such as psychiatrists or psychologists. The most common tests require answering questions and doing tasks on a computer.<br><br>Psychological tests can assess intelligence, including memory and reasoning skills and other functions such as multitasking and attention. These tests are designed for assessing the cognitive capacity of a person without injury. However, people can still have cognitive issues due to an injury or neurologic condition, which can cause cognitive changes.<br><br>Tests for ADHD for adults can include tests of attention, memory, language, and other abilities. They are designed to identify differences in mental performance between healthy people and those with an impairment. In general, ADHD patients are more distractible than healthy adults, particularly when doing tasks that require continuous concentration and abstract problem-solving.<br><br>To aid in diagnosing ADHD in adults, neuropsychological and psychological testing are often employed. This is due to the fact that ADHD symptoms are mostly neurocognitive in nature. The symptoms include difficulties with short-term memory as well as verbal processing. These aren't the only signs of the disorder.<br><br>The results of neuropsychological and psychopsychological tests for assessing ADHD in adults can be used to develop treatment plans and an intervention strategy. Results are compiled in an individual report that includes a description the symptoms and treatment suggestions, as well as recommendations for further investigation. Depending on the results of the test, the health professional might give additional tests to screen for other conditions.<br><br>A one-on-one assessment for ADHD in adults is conducted. During the test, a trained clinical psychologist examines the patient's medical history as well as developmental milestones and behaviors. The psychologist also communicates with the patient about his or her concerns and makes recommendations for treatment.

Revision as of 00:14, 16 October 2024

Assessing ADHD in Adults

It is crucial to examine adults with adhd for a proper diagnosis. This isn't an easy task. There are a myriad of methods to assess adhd, including structured clinical interviews and self-report rating scales. These procedures are not necessarily straightforward but they are popular.

Interviews with parents and children

A crucial aspect of ADHD evaluations is the parent/child interaction. It provides the clinician with invaluable information regarding the phenomenological and ecological validity of the child's symptoms. This information should be combined with other data sources to provide a basis getting assessed for adhd an accurate diagnosis.

The key to an effective interview is to provide specific and specific questions. Don't ask too many questions about parents' personal concerns. Be cautious not to interpret informal observations about the child's behavior as a form of judgement.

Pervasiveness is a crucial criterion to determine ADHD. CHATTI is a reliable measure of the degree of pervasiveness of symptoms. It is easy and reliable in assessing the total scores of teachers' reported symptoms.

Another tool that is useful is the questionnaire. They are simple to administer and demonstrate high levels of reliability. They are susceptible to bias due to biases of raters.

Although the interview with the parent is an important component of the test and is often condemned for its lack reliability. The process of testing can cause parents to be unhappy, and for some it could be a therapeutic experience.

Interviews with parents and children should be accompanied by a thorough clinical assessment. A thorough review of the child's prior documents should be conducted. The clinician will get a better understanding of the child's psychological profile by looking over his or her medical and psychoeducational records.

Other factors that should be considered are the type of the referral. The child's behavior issues could indicate that a referral is necessary for ADHD diagnosis. Stress from family members could be a source of symptoms of ADHD.

A good interview should include the use of standardized tests as well as parent/child interactions. Interviews with children who are minority should be conducted by an examiner who is committed to the cultural standards.

The most important aspect of a parent/child interview with a parent is the bond the examiner establishes with the parent. A diagnosis can be determined if the examiner establishes a relationship with the parent, and also the interview information.

Overall, the interview should be seen as an important and positive element of a thorough and accurate assessment of the child's behavioral, social, and emotional strengths and weaknesses. An accurate diagnosis will help to determine the child's development and help determine the best treatment.

Self-report rating scales

Rating scales can be useful in measuring ADHD in adults. They can be used by clinicians and other healthcare providers, parents and caregivers, and others. There are a myriad of rating scales that can be used to assess ADHD's behavioral symptoms.

The Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is a self-report questionnaire that assesses ADHD in adults. Its v1.1 version contains 18 questions. Part A questions require the subjects to assess their symptoms. Part B questions measure the severity of symptoms. These tests have been extensively studied and a lot of research has been conducted to determine their accuracy.

ASRS has a high level of concurrent validity. Additionally, the questions are built on DSM criteria, and they are designed to detect symptoms of ADHD. The frequency scores show the severity of the symptoms' impact on the daily activities of the patient.

These test instruments are very popular, however the relationship between their accuracy as well as the actual use of these tests isn't clear. One study showed that only 7 percent of children who took executive function tests, like the StanfordBinet Scale and Attention Deficit Disorder Test, had positive correlations between their scores and those of the ASRS.

Divergent results have been observed in studies on the relationship between ADHD self-report scales and executive function tests. This could be due to the lack of specificity of the tests. The ADHD self-report results have not been shown to be correlated with attentional performance or other components of the EF.

Although these measures aren't perfect, they are still an excellent way how to get an assessment for adhd assess the possibility of having ADHD. If a person has ADHD then the scores on these tests should be higher than 60. A question like "how do i get my son assessed for adhd often do you have problems with concentration?" is a common answer. You will score well because the answers "Never", "Not Very Often" and "Always," are all negative.

Certain scales can also inquire about the impact of gp adhd assessment on your life, such as depression. A simplified version of the checklist from the CDC is available.

Structured clinical interview

In establishing a diagnosis for ADHD for adults, a clinical interview is the most commonly used method. This approach is used alongside a variety of other tools. These tools include cognitive testing, behavioral rating scales and self-report measures. Combining these diagnostic tools has been proven to be more accurate than individual tools.

Patients are asked to explain their main symptoms in various situations during a consultation. It allows the clinicians to evaluate the impact of their symptoms on daily life and to determine whether the patient suffers from ADHD. These charts also give an accurate picture of the patient's issues with specific ADHD symptoms.

When you are integrating ADHD behavior rating scales, it is vital to include informants who can verify the patient's medical history. In the absence of this, it could result in an over-reporting of symptoms. Informants could be spouses, employer, and any other significant person in the adult's life. The best way to integrate these ratings is through an averaging technique.

Cognitive testing is a key aspect in diagnosing ADHD in adults. It increases the specificity and reliability of the assessment battery. It is particularly useful for monitoring the response to treatment. Research has shown that cognitive testing combined with ADHD behavior rating scales is more effective than relying only on one.

Adults suffering from ADHD often have difficulties understanding the root of their behavior issues. It can be difficult to diagnose ADHD. Research indicates that some of the symptoms that are most effective in identifying people suffering from ADHD are those that are connected to concentration and memory.

Adults suffering from ADHD have a higher prevalence of comorbid disorders than children. Studies have shown that comorbidities may influence subjective symptoms. Therefore future studies should look at the effects of medication and psychological conditions that are comorbid.

The research has been conducted extensively regarding the reliability and accuracy of the behavioral rating scales that are used to identify ADHD in adults. One study found that the DIVA was the most accurate and BAARS-IV the least. These instruments are subjective. Researchers suggest that you seek these ratings from experts.

A structured clinical interview is an ideal method to evaluate adults suffering from ADHD. It doesn't just gather standardized questions but also contains modules that assess developmental data as well as symptomatology based on DSM criteria.

Psychological and neuropsychological testing

For adults suffering from ADHD Neuropsychological and psychological testing can be very useful. These tests aid in diagnosing brain disorders and neurological injuries, and provide guidance to treatment strategies.

Psychological tests can be used to measure a variety of mental functions and behavior. They can also be used to determine the presence of learning disabilities and developmental difficulties. These test results can be compared with the results of people who are similar in age.

A neuropsychological test is an extensive, standardized test of the brain that measures various mental functions. This type of testing is typically administered by a specialist such as psychiatrists or psychologists. The most common tests require answering questions and doing tasks on a computer.

Psychological tests can assess intelligence, including memory and reasoning skills and other functions such as multitasking and attention. These tests are designed for assessing the cognitive capacity of a person without injury. However, people can still have cognitive issues due to an injury or neurologic condition, which can cause cognitive changes.

Tests for ADHD for adults can include tests of attention, memory, language, and other abilities. They are designed to identify differences in mental performance between healthy people and those with an impairment. In general, ADHD patients are more distractible than healthy adults, particularly when doing tasks that require continuous concentration and abstract problem-solving.

To aid in diagnosing ADHD in adults, neuropsychological and psychological testing are often employed. This is due to the fact that ADHD symptoms are mostly neurocognitive in nature. The symptoms include difficulties with short-term memory as well as verbal processing. These aren't the only signs of the disorder.

The results of neuropsychological and psychopsychological tests for assessing ADHD in adults can be used to develop treatment plans and an intervention strategy. Results are compiled in an individual report that includes a description the symptoms and treatment suggestions, as well as recommendations for further investigation. Depending on the results of the test, the health professional might give additional tests to screen for other conditions.

A one-on-one assessment for ADHD in adults is conducted. During the test, a trained clinical psychologist examines the patient's medical history as well as developmental milestones and behaviors. The psychologist also communicates with the patient about his or her concerns and makes recommendations for treatment.