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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It asks questions like What do people really mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and [https://zenwriting.net/runwish96/how-the-10-worst-pragmatic-korea-fails-of-all-time-could-have-been-prevented 프라그마틱 불법] reasonable actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the idea that one must adhere to their beliefs regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users interact and communicate with one other. It is often seen as a component of language, but it is different from semantics in that it is focused on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study, pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been growing rapidly over the past few decades. It is a language academic field however, it has also affected research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology and the field of anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its development and growth. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notion of intention and their interaction with the speaker's knowledge about the listener's understanding. The lexical and concept perspectives on pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of subjects that pragmatics researchers have investigated.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has been focused on a variety of topics, including L2 pragmatic comprehension, request production by EFL learners,  [https://www.dermandar.com/user/brownwing8/ 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] and the role of theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to social and [https://tupalo.com/en/users/7464032 프라그마틱 플레이] cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics differs by database, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their ranking varies by database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to rank the best pragmatics authors solely by the number of publications they have published. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users than it is with truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on the ways that an expression can be understood as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies that listeners employ to determine if phrases are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one, there is much debate regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. For instance some philosophers have claimed that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have argued that this type of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of languages or a subset of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an autonomous discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics, along with the study of phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language because it deals with the ways in which our ideas about the meaning and uses of language influence our theories of how languages function.<br><br>There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of the debate. Some scholars have suggested, for example, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in its own right because it studies how people perceive and use language without necessarily referring to facts about what actually was said. This sort of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study is a discipline in its own right since it examines the ways in which the meaning and usage of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way in which we understand the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is being said by the speaker in a particular sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in more detail. Both papers discuss the notions the concept of saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are crucial processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It examines the way humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intent of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for  [https://lockhart-heide-2.blogbright.net/what-is-pragmatic-free-trial-and-how-to-use-it/ 프라그마틱 홈페이지] example is focused on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret utterances. Some approaches to pragmatics have been merged with other disciplines, like philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also different views about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, like Morris believes that semantics and pragmatics are two separate topics. He argues semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects that they might or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics is focused on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They claim that semantics determines some of the pragmatics of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same utterance could have different meanings in different contexts, based on things such as ambiguity and indexicality. Discourse structure, beliefs of the speaker and intentions, and listener expectations can also change the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. It is because every culture has its own rules for what is appropriate in different situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this field. There are many different areas of research, including pragmatics that are computational and formal, [https://vuf.minagricultura.gov.co/Lists/Informacin%20Servicios%20Web/DispForm.aspx?ID=9073222 프라그마틱 무료체험 메타] 정품 사이트 - [https://squareblogs.net/hillcrow86/pragmatic-korea-10-things-id-like-to-have-known-sooner simply click the following internet site], theoretical and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How is free Pragmatics similar to explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through the language used in its context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the speech and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is linked to other areas of the study of linguistics like syntax and semantics or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics expanded in many directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a broad range of research, which addresses topics such as lexical features and the interplay between discourse, language, and meaning.<br><br>One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to provide a rigorous, systematic account of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that pragmatics and semantics are in fact the same thing.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to argue between these two perspectives and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. For instance some scholars believe that if a statement has an actual truth-conditional meaning, then it is semantics, whereas others believe that the fact that an utterance can be interpreted in a variety of ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in the field of pragmatics have taken a different stance, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is only one of many ways in which an word can be interpreted, and that all of these ways are valid. This is sometimes described as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer by illustrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version combines an inverse Gricean model of Rational Speech Act framework, with technical innovations developed by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that the listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified interpretations of a speech that contains the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so reliable when in comparison to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It deals with questions such as what do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how language users communicate and interact with each with one another. It is usually thought of as a part of language however it differs from semantics in that pragmatics studies what the user wants to convey, not what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a field of study the field of pragmatics is relatively new and its research has been expanding rapidly in the last few decades. It is primarily an academic field of study within linguistics, however it also influences research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this field. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and [https://checkbookmarks.com/story3554942/what-do-you-need-to-know-to-be-are-ready-to-pragmatic-demo 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프] how it interacts with the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics are also perspectives on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a broad range topics, such as L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students,  [https://socialbraintech.com/story3365394/the-ultimate-glossary-on-terms-about-pragmatic-game 프라그마틱 정품확인방법] as well as the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to social and cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also employed various methods that range from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, yet their ranking varies by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the top pragmatics authors by the number of publications they have published. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics through concepts such as politeness and conversational implicititure theories. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the contexts and 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법 ([https://bookmarkmargin.com/story18114350/5-pragmatic-free-trial-lessons-from-the-professionals Bookmarkmargin.Com]) users of language usage, [https://linkedbookmarker.com/story3490787/responsible-for-a-how-to-check-the-authenticity-of-pragmatic-budget-12-top-ways-to-spend-your-money 프라그마틱 무료체험 메타] rather than on reference grammar, truth, or. It focuses on the ways that an utterance can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts and also those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine if words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers believe that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered an linguistics-related branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others, however, have argued that the study of pragmatics is part of the philosophy of language because it focuses on the ways in which our beliefs about the meaning and use of language influence our theories about how languages work.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a few key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatism. For instance, some scholars have suggested that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it studies the ways that people interpret and use language, without referring to any facts regarding what is actually being said. This type of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this study ought to be considered an academic discipline because it examines the ways that cultural and social factors influence the meaning and usage of language. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature of utterances as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in the sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in more in depth. Both papers explore the notions the concept of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial processes that influence the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It analyzes how human language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intent of speakers. Others, such as Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Some approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, like cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of views on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different subjects. He says that semantics deal with the relationship of signs to objects that they could or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They claim that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of a statement, whereas other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that the same word can have different meanings in different contexts, based on factors such as ambiguity and indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. It is because each culture has its own rules for what is appropriate in different situations. In certain cultures, it's acceptable to make eye contact. In other cultures, [https://bookmarkick.com/story18112457/what-makes-the-pragmatic-so-effective-in-covid-19 프라그마틱 정품 확인법] it's considered rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is being conducted in this field. There are a myriad of areas of research, including computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural linguistic pragmatics and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure that is used in the speech and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is closely related to other linguistics areas, like syntax, semantics and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the area of pragmatics has been developing in various directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a broad range of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to provide a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the same thing.<br><br>The debate between these two positions is often a tussle and scholars arguing that particular instances fall under the rubric of semantics or pragmatics. For instance, some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, while others believe that the fact that an utterance can be interpreted in a variety of ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach and argue that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is only one of many ways in which the expression can be understood and that all of these interpretations are valid. This is sometimes referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Some recent work in pragmatics has attempted to combine semantic and far-side approaches in an effort to comprehend the full scope of the interpretive possibilities for an utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will entertain many possible exhausted parses of an speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any, and that is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so robust compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 06:42, 26 November 2024

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It deals with questions such as what do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of the circumstances.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is how language users communicate and interact with each with one another. It is usually thought of as a part of language however it differs from semantics in that pragmatics studies what the user wants to convey, not what the meaning actually is.

As a field of study the field of pragmatics is relatively new and its research has been expanding rapidly in the last few decades. It is primarily an academic field of study within linguistics, however it also influences research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.

There are a myriad of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this field. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 how it interacts with the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics are also perspectives on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.

The research in pragmatics has covered a broad range topics, such as L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, 프라그마틱 정품확인방법 as well as the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to social and cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also employed various methods that range from experimental to sociocultural.

The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, yet their ranking varies by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.

It is therefore difficult to determine the top pragmatics authors by the number of publications they have published. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics through concepts such as politeness and conversational implicititure theories. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the contexts and 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법 (Bookmarkmargin.Com) users of language usage, 프라그마틱 무료체험 메타 rather than on reference grammar, truth, or. It focuses on the ways that an utterance can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts and also those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine if words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers believe that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of problem should be considered pragmatic.

Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered an linguistics-related branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others, however, have argued that the study of pragmatics is part of the philosophy of language because it focuses on the ways in which our beliefs about the meaning and use of language influence our theories about how languages work.

The debate has been fuelled by a few key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatism. For instance, some scholars have suggested that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it studies the ways that people interpret and use language, without referring to any facts regarding what is actually being said. This type of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this study ought to be considered an academic discipline because it examines the ways that cultural and social factors influence the meaning and usage of language. This is called near-side pragmatism.

The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature of utterances as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in the sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in more in depth. Both papers explore the notions the concept of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial processes that influence the meaning of an utterance.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It analyzes how human language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics.

Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intent of speakers. Others, such as Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Some approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, like cognitive science and philosophy.

There are also a variety of views on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different subjects. He says that semantics deal with the relationship of signs to objects that they could or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.

Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They claim that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of a statement, whereas other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that the same word can have different meanings in different contexts, based on factors such as ambiguity and indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. It is because each culture has its own rules for what is appropriate in different situations. In certain cultures, it's acceptable to make eye contact. In other cultures, 프라그마틱 정품 확인법 it's considered rude.

There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is being conducted in this field. There are a myriad of areas of research, including computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural linguistic pragmatics and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure that is used in the speech and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is closely related to other linguistics areas, like syntax, semantics and the philosophy of language.

In recent years, the area of pragmatics has been developing in various directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a broad range of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between language, discourse, and meaning.

One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to provide a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the same thing.

The debate between these two positions is often a tussle and scholars arguing that particular instances fall under the rubric of semantics or pragmatics. For instance, some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, while others believe that the fact that an utterance can be interpreted in a variety of ways is a sign of pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach and argue that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is only one of many ways in which the expression can be understood and that all of these interpretations are valid. This is sometimes referred to as "far-side pragmatics".

Some recent work in pragmatics has attempted to combine semantic and far-side approaches in an effort to comprehend the full scope of the interpretive possibilities for an utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will entertain many possible exhausted parses of an speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any, and that is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so robust compared to other plausible implications.