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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is a study of the relationship between language and context. It addresses questions such as What do people actually mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and sensible action. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one should stick to their principles regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways in which language users gain meaning from and each with each other. It is typically thought of as a component of language however it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics looks at what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic area of study within linguistics, however it also influences research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and Anthropology.<br><br>There are many different methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the subject. These views have contributed to the diversity of subjects that pragmatics researchers have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has focused on a wide range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension, production of requests by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena like political speech, discriminatory speech, and  [https://maps.google.com.sl/url?q=https://hellshirt3.bravejournal.net/the-three-greatest-moments-in-pragmatic-game-history 프라그마틱 체험] interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in the field of pragmatics research. However, their position differs based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top authors of pragmatics based on their publications only. It is possible to determine influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics with concepts like conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the contexts and users of language use instead of focusing on reference grammar, truth, or. It studies the ways in which one utterance can be interpreted as meaning various things depending on the context and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine whether words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and  [https://lovewiki.faith/wiki/20_Things_You_Must_Know_About_Pragmatic_Kr 프라그마틱 환수율] pragmatics is a well-known and long-established one however, there is a lot of controversy regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. For instance philosophers have suggested that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another debate is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of languages or a part of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a field in its own right and should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics and more. Others, however, have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as an aspect of philosophy of language because it examines the ways in which our concepts of the meaning and uses of language affect our theories of how languages work.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a number of key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatics. Some scholars have suggested for instance, that pragmatics isn't a subject by itself because it examines how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring back to actual facts about what was said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the subject should be considered a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner in which the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature of utterances as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in a sentence. These are the issues discussed a bit more extensively in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of a saturation and a free pragmatic enrichment. These are important pragmatic processes that influence the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to linguistic meaning. It analyzes how human language is used in social interaction, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intention of the speaker. Relevance Theory for instance, focuses on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Certain practical approaches have been put together with other disciplines such as cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also different views about the line between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of a statement. They claim that semantics already determines the logical implications of an expression, whereas other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that the same utterance could have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and  [https://images.google.bg/url?q=https://mcallister-tonnesen-2.technetbloggers.de/5-laws-to-help-the-how-to-check-the-authenticity-of-pragmatic-industry 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프] expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is because each culture has its own rules for what is acceptable in various situations. For instance, it is polite in some cultures to make eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this area. There are a myriad of areas of research, including pragmatics that are computational and formal theoretic and experimental pragmatism,  [https://images.google.ad/url?q=https://anotepad.com/notes/49xbbf6a 프라그마틱 무료체험 메타] intercultural and cross pragmatics in linguistics, and 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 - [https://bbs.airav.asia/home.php?mod=space&uid=2247174 https://bbs.Airav.asia/] - pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by the use of language in a context. It analyzes the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence interpretation, focusing less on grammaral characteristics of the expression than on what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is connected to other areas of linguistics such as semantics, syntax and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics expanded in many directions. These include conversational pragmatics and computational linguistics. There is a variety of research that is conducted in these areas, with a focus on topics such as the significance of lexical elements as well as the interaction between language and discourse and [https://christiansen-dissing.hubstack.net/five-things-you-dont-know-about-pragmatic/ 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료] the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it's possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is unclear and that pragmatics and semantics are actually the same thing.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to argue back and forth between these two perspectives, arguing that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. For instance some scholars believe that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, whereas others argue that the fact that an utterance may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different approach in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one of many ways in which the utterance may be interpreted and that all of these interpretations are valid. This method is sometimes called "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has attempted to integrate the concepts of semantics and far-side, attempting to capture the full range of possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by describing how a speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any. This is why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust in comparison to other possible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It addresses questions such as What do people actually mean when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It differs from idealism, which is the belief that one must adhere to their principles regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how language users interact and communicate with each other. It is often viewed as a part of language however it differs from semantics in that pragmatics looks at what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has grown quickly in the past few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different views on pragmatics, which have contributed to its development and growth. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, [https://canvas.instructure.com/eportfolios/3395215/home/why-is-everyone-talking-about-pragmatic-right-now 프라그마틱 슬롯] 하는법 ([https://yogicentral.science/wiki/The_Slot_Awards_The_Top_Worst_Or_The_Most_Bizarre_Things_Weve_Seen https://yogicentral.science/wiki/The_Slot_Awards_The_Top_Worst_Or_The_Most_Bizarre_Things_Weve_Seen]) which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. The lexical and concept perspectives on pragmatics are also views on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has focused on a wide range of topics such as L2 pragmatic understanding as well as request production by EFL learners and the role of the theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena like political discourse, discriminatory speech and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also employed diverse methodologies, from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics is different according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their rank varies depending on the database. This is because pragmatics is a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the best pragmatics authors solely based on the number of publications they have published. It is possible to determine influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language than it is with truth, reference, or grammar. It focuses on how one phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses on strategies that listeners employ to determine which phrases are intended to be communicated. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature, which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where they should be drawn. For example some philosophers have claimed that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have argued that this kind of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of language or a branch of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and that it should be considered a distinct part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy since it examines the way in which our beliefs about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories on how languages work.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a few key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatics. For instance, some researchers have argued that pragmatics is not a subject in and of itself since it studies the ways that people interpret and use language without referring to any facts regarding what is actually being said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this field ought to be considered a discipline of its own because it studies the ways that cultural and social influences affect the meaning and use language. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we think about the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is said by a speaker in a given sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in more in depth. Both papers address the notions of a saturation and a free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are crucial processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of language. It analyzes how human language is used in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of the speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of words by hearers. Certain approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, such as cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are different opinions on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different subjects. He asserts semantics concerns the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of saying something. They argue that semantics already determines certain aspects of the meaning of a statement, whereas other pragmatics is determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that the same word can have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an utterance are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as listener expectations.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. This is because different cultures have their own rules regarding what is acceptable to say in different situations. For instance, it is polite in some cultures to look at each other however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this area. Some of the most important areas of research are computational and formal pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through language in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure that is used in the speech and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is connected to other linguistics areas, like syntax, semantics, and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times, the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interaction between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism one of the main questions is whether it's possible to give a precise and systematic analysis of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have claimed that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that they are the same.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to go between these two views and argue that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. For  [https://nerdgaming.science/wiki/Buzzwords_DeBuzzed_10_Other_Ways_To_Say_Pragmatic_Official_Website 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯] instance certain scholars argue that if an expression has an actual truth-conditional meaning, [https://skaaning-davidson.federatedjournals.com/the-guide-to-pragmatic-slots-site-in-2024/ 프라그마틱 무료스핀] then it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that an utterance can be interpreted in a variety of ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of many possible interpretations, and that all interpretations are valid. This is commonly known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It tries to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version incorporates an inverse Gricean model of Rational Speech Act framework, with technological innovations created by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that listeners will entertain a variety of possible exhaustified interpretations of a speech that contains the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when compared to other plausible implicatures.

Revision as of 19:03, 5 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It addresses questions such as What do people actually mean when they use words?

It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It differs from idealism, which is the belief that one must adhere to their principles regardless of what.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is how language users interact and communicate with each other. It is often viewed as a part of language however it differs from semantics in that pragmatics looks at what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.

As a research field the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has grown quickly in the past few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.

There are many different views on pragmatics, which have contributed to its development and growth. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법 (https://yogicentral.science/wiki/The_Slot_Awards_The_Top_Worst_Or_The_Most_Bizarre_Things_Weve_Seen) which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. The lexical and concept perspectives on pragmatics are also views on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.

The study of pragmatics has focused on a wide range of topics such as L2 pragmatic understanding as well as request production by EFL learners and the role of the theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena like political discourse, discriminatory speech and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also employed diverse methodologies, from experimental to sociocultural.

The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics is different according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their rank varies depending on the database. This is because pragmatics is a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.

It is therefore hard to classify the best pragmatics authors solely based on the number of publications they have published. It is possible to determine influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language than it is with truth, reference, or grammar. It focuses on how one phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses on strategies that listeners employ to determine which phrases are intended to be communicated. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature, which was pioneered by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where they should be drawn. For example some philosophers have claimed that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have argued that this kind of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic problem.

Another issue is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of language or a branch of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and that it should be considered a distinct part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy since it examines the way in which our beliefs about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories on how languages work.

The debate has been fuelled by a few key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatics. For instance, some researchers have argued that pragmatics is not a subject in and of itself since it studies the ways that people interpret and use language without referring to any facts regarding what is actually being said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this field ought to be considered a discipline of its own because it studies the ways that cultural and social influences affect the meaning and use language. This is called near-side pragmatism.

Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we think about the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is said by a speaker in a given sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in more in depth. Both papers address the notions of a saturation and a free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are crucial processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of language. It analyzes how human language is used in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.

Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of the speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of words by hearers. Certain approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, such as cognitive science and philosophy.

There are different opinions on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different subjects. He asserts semantics concerns the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.

Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of saying something. They argue that semantics already determines certain aspects of the meaning of a statement, whereas other pragmatics is determined by pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that the same word can have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an utterance are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as listener expectations.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. This is because different cultures have their own rules regarding what is acceptable to say in different situations. For instance, it is polite in some cultures to look at each other however it is not acceptable in other cultures.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this area. Some of the most important areas of research are computational and formal pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; clinical and experimental pragmatics.

How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through language in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure that is used in the speech and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is connected to other linguistics areas, like syntax, semantics, and philosophy of language.

In recent times, the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interaction between language, discourse, and meaning.

In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism one of the main questions is whether it's possible to give a precise and systematic analysis of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have claimed that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that they are the same.

It is not uncommon for scholars to go between these two views and argue that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. For 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 instance certain scholars argue that if an expression has an actual truth-conditional meaning, 프라그마틱 무료스핀 then it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that an utterance can be interpreted in a variety of ways is pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of many possible interpretations, and that all interpretations are valid. This is commonly known as far-side pragmatics.

Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It tries to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version incorporates an inverse Gricean model of Rational Speech Act framework, with technological innovations created by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that listeners will entertain a variety of possible exhaustified interpretations of a speech that contains the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when compared to other plausible implicatures.