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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is a study of the relationship between context and language. It addresses questions like What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophies of practical and sensible action. It is in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that one must adhere to their principles regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that language users get meaning from and with each with each other. It is often viewed as a part or language, but it is different from semantics in that it is focused on what the user wants to convey, not what the meaning is.<br><br>As a research area it is still young and its research has expanded quickly in the past few decades. It has been primarily an academic discipline within linguistics, but it also influences research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this discipline. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notion of intention and their interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have investigated.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has been focused on a broad range of subjects such as L2 pragmatic understanding as well as request production by EFL learners, and the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has also been applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse,  라이브 카지노 ([http://120.zsluoping.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=1240903 Http://120.Zsluoping.Cn/Home.Php?Mod=Space&Uid=1240903]) discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on the database used. The US and UK are two of the top contributors in the field of pragmatics research. However, their position differs based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the best pragmatics authors solely according to the number of publications they have published. It is possible to identify influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. For example, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics has led to concepts like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Other highly influential authors in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and  [https://kjeldsen-fanning.hubstack.net/7-helpful-tricks-to-making-the-most-of-your-pragmatic-slot-tips/ 프라그마틱 무료슬롯] the users of language than it is with truth grammar, reference, or. It focuses on how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine which utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction is well-known, it is not always clear where the lines should be drawn. For instance some philosophers have claimed that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this kind of thing should be treated as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a part of philosophy of language or a subset of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others, however, have argued that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as part of the philosophy of language since it focuses on the ways that our beliefs about the meanings and functions of language influence our theories of how languages function.<br><br>There are a few major issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of the debate. Some scholars have argued for instance, that pragmatics isn't a subject in its own right because it studies how people perceive and use language without necessarily referring back to facts about what was actually said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this field should be considered a discipline of its own since it studies how cultural and social influences affect the meaning and use language. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in a sentence. These are issues that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers discuss the notions the concept of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial processes that help shape the meaning of utterances.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It studies the way that human language is used during social interactions and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, many theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communicative intention of the speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory, focus on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of words by listeners. Certain pragmatic approaches have been incorporated with other disciplines like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of views about the line between pragmatics and semantics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris believes that semantics and pragmatics are two separate topics. He says that semantics deals with the relation of words to objects they may or not denote, while pragmatics deals with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said while far-side focuses on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They argue that some of the 'pragmatics' in the words spoken are already determined by semantics, while the rest is defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that the same utterance can have different meanings in different contexts, depending on factors such as ambiguity and indexicality. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as listener expectations.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. It is because every culture has its own rules about what is acceptable in various situations. For instance, it is acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this area. There are many different areas of research, such as formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics, intercultural and cross pragmatics in linguistics, and pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated by the language in a context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure that is used in the speech and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is linked to other areas of the study of linguistics like syntax and semantics, or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has developed in various directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a broad range of research, which addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between language, discourse,  [https://images.google.be/url?q=https://stairways.wiki/wiki/Which_Website_To_Research_Pragmatic_Free_Trial_Online 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율] 무료체험 메타 ([https://chessdatabase.science/wiki/What_Is_Pragmatic_And_How_To_Use_What_Is_Pragmatic_And_How_To_Use please click for source]) and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatics one of the main issues is whether it is possible to give a rigorous and systematic account of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is unclear and that pragmatics and semantics are actually the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to debate back and forth between these two perspectives and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars say that if a statement is interpreted with the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others believe that the possibility that a statement may be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different view in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance is only one among many ways in which the expression can be understood, and that all interpretations are valid. This is sometimes referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities for a speaker's utterance by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that listeners will entertain a variety of possible exhaustified parses of a speech that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so robust as contrasted to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the relationship between context and language. It deals with questions such as What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is based on practical and reasonable action. It is in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that one should stick to their principles no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users interact and communicate with one other. It is often seen as a part of a language, but it differs from semantics since it is focused on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study the field of pragmatics is relatively new and its research has been expanding rapidly in the last few decades. It is a language academic field however, it has also influenced research in other areas such as psychology, [https://bookmarksaifi.com/story18366522/why-pragmatic-demo-can-be-more-dangerous-than-you-realized 프라그마틱 슬롯무료] 추천 ([https://seolistlinks.com/story19580733/20-pragmatic-free-trial-websites-that-are-taking-the-internet-by-storm This Internet site]) sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its growth and development. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notion of intention and their interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that pragmatics researchers have researched.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has focused on a wide range of topics such as L2 pragmatic understanding, request production by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse,  [https://bookmarksknot.com/story19907166/pragmatic-genuine-10-things-i-d-loved-to-know-earlier 프라그마틱 환수율] discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed a variety of methodologies,  [https://admiralbookmarks.com/story18316879/7-small-changes-that-will-make-an-enormous-difference-to-your-pragmatic-free-game 프라그마틱 무료게임] 정품인증 ([https://dirstop.com/story20813002/why-you-should-forget-about-improving-your-pragmatic-free-slots https://dirstop.com/story20813002/why-you-should-forget-about-improving-your-pragmatic-free-slots]) from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and  [https://ticketsbookmarks.com/story18213585/30-inspirational-quotes-on-pragmatic-game 프라그마틱 무료게임] the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their ranking varies by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to rank the top authors in pragmatics solely according to the quantity of their publications. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like politeness and conversational implicititure theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics concentrates on the users and contexts of language usage instead of focusing on reference, truth, or grammar. It studies the ways that an expression can be understood as meaning different things in different contexts and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on strategies that hearers use to determine if utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was first developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one There is much debate about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. For instance, some philosophers have argued that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics while others have argued that this kind of thing should be treated as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as an linguistics-related branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it examines how our ideas about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories on how languages function.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a few key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have suggested, for example, that pragmatics isn't a discipline by itself because it examines how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to facts about what was actually said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that the subject should be considered a field in its own right because it examines the way in which the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics are the ways in which we understand the nature of the utterance interpretation process as an inferential process, and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being spoken by an individual speaker in a sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in more detail. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment, which are important pragmatic processes in that they shape the overall meaning of a statement.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It examines the way human language is used during social interaction and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the intention of communication of the speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory, focus on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by listeners. Certain approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also divergent opinions regarding the boundaries between semantics and pragmatics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two separate topics. He claims that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they may or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with the content of what is said, while far-side is focused on the logical implications of a statement. They argue that semantics already determines some of the pragmatics of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single utterance may have different meanings depending on factors such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to look at each other but it is considered rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. Some of the most important areas of study are computational and formal pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How is free Pragmatics similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by the use of language in a context. It evaluates the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to interpretation, and focuses less on grammaral characteristics of the expression than on what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics such as semantics and syntax or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics has grown in several different directions such as computational linguistics conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a variety of research in these areas, which address issues such as the significance of lexical features, the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>One of the most important questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to provide an accurate, systematic understanding of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that pragmatics and semantics are really the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to argue back and forth between these two views, arguing that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. For example, some scholars argue that if a statement has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while others believe that the fact that an expression could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative approach. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of many possible interpretations and that all interpretations are valid. This is sometimes referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and distant side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a speech that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so strong when compared to other plausible implicatures.

Revision as of 11:23, 8 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics studies the relationship between context and language. It deals with questions such as What do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy that is based on practical and reasonable action. It is in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that one should stick to their principles no matter what.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users interact and communicate with one other. It is often seen as a part of a language, but it differs from semantics since it is focused on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the actual meaning is.

As a field of study the field of pragmatics is relatively new and its research has been expanding rapidly in the last few decades. It is a language academic field however, it has also influenced research in other areas such as psychology, 프라그마틱 슬롯무료 추천 (This Internet site) sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.

There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its growth and development. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notion of intention and their interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that pragmatics researchers have researched.

Research in pragmatics has focused on a wide range of topics such as L2 pragmatic understanding, request production by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, 프라그마틱 환수율 discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed a variety of methodologies, 프라그마틱 무료게임 정품인증 (https://dirstop.com/story20813002/why-you-should-forget-about-improving-your-pragmatic-free-slots) from experimental to sociocultural.

The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and 프라그마틱 무료게임 the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their ranking varies by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.

It is therefore difficult to rank the top authors in pragmatics solely according to the quantity of their publications. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like politeness and conversational implicititure theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics concentrates on the users and contexts of language usage instead of focusing on reference, truth, or grammar. It studies the ways that an expression can be understood as meaning different things in different contexts and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on strategies that hearers use to determine if utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was first developed by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one There is much debate about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. For instance, some philosophers have argued that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics while others have argued that this kind of thing should be treated as a pragmatic problem.

Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as an linguistics-related branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it examines how our ideas about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories on how languages function.

This debate has been fueled by a few key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have suggested, for example, that pragmatics isn't a discipline by itself because it examines how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to facts about what was actually said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that the subject should be considered a field in its own right because it examines the way in which the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics are the ways in which we understand the nature of the utterance interpretation process as an inferential process, and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being spoken by an individual speaker in a sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in more detail. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment, which are important pragmatic processes in that they shape the overall meaning of a statement.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It examines the way human language is used during social interaction and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics.

Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the intention of communication of the speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory, focus on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by listeners. Certain approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.

There are also divergent opinions regarding the boundaries between semantics and pragmatics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two separate topics. He claims that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they may or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.

Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with the content of what is said, while far-side is focused on the logical implications of a statement. They argue that semantics already determines some of the pragmatics of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single utterance may have different meanings depending on factors such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to look at each other but it is considered rude in other cultures.

There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. Some of the most important areas of study are computational and formal pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; clinical and experimental pragmatics.

How is free Pragmatics similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by the use of language in a context. It evaluates the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to interpretation, and focuses less on grammaral characteristics of the expression than on what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics such as semantics and syntax or philosophy of language.

In recent years, the field of pragmatics has grown in several different directions such as computational linguistics conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a variety of research in these areas, which address issues such as the significance of lexical features, the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of the concept of meaning.

One of the most important questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to provide an accurate, systematic understanding of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that pragmatics and semantics are really the identical.

It is not unusual for scholars to argue back and forth between these two views, arguing that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. For example, some scholars argue that if a statement has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while others believe that the fact that an expression could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative approach. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of many possible interpretations and that all interpretations are valid. This is sometimes referred to as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and distant side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a speech that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so strong when compared to other plausible implicatures.